第七十条　债权人分立、合并或者变更住所没有通知债务人，致使履行债务发生困难的，债务人可以中止履行或者将标的物提存。

Article 70    If a creditor splits, merges or changes domicile without notifying the debtor and thus makes it difficult to discharge the debts, the debtor may suspend the discharge or deposit the targeted matter.

第七十一条　债权人可以拒绝债务人提前履行债务，但提前履行不损害债权人利益的除外。债务人提前履行债务给债权人增加的费用，由债务人负担。

 Article 71 The creditor may refuse an anticipated discharge of debts by the debtor,  except that the anticipated discharge does not impair the creditor's interest.

Any additional expenses caused to the creditor by the debtor's anticipated discharge of debts shall be borne by the debtor.

第七十二条　债权人可以拒绝债务人部分履行债务，但部分履行不损害债权人利益的除外。债务人部分履行债务给债权人增加的费用，由债务人负担。

Article 72 The creditor may refuse a discharge of debts in part by the debtor, except that the partial discharge does not impair the creditor's interest.

Any additional expenses caused to the creditor by the debtor's discharge of debts in part shall be borne by the debtor.

第七十三条　因债务人怠于行使其到期债权，对债权人造成损害的，债权人可以向人民法院请求以自己的名义代位行使债务人的债权，但该债权专属于债务人自身的除外。代位权的行使范围以债权人的债权为限。债权人行使代位权的必要费用，由债务人负担。

Article 73 If    a debtor is indolent in exercising its matured creditor's rights and thus causes losses to the creditor, the creditor may apply to a people's court to subrogate the debtor's creditor's rights and exercise them under the creditor's name, except for the creditor's rights exclusively belonging to the debtor.

The scope for exercising the subrogation is limited to the creditor's rights enjoyed by the creditor. The expenses required by the creditor's subrogation shall be borne by the debtor.

第七十四条　因债务人放弃其到期债权或者无偿转让财产，对债权人造成损害的，债权人可以请求人民法院撤销债务人的行为。债务人以明显不合理的低价转让财产，对债权人造成损害，并且受让人知道该情形的，债权人也可以请求人民法院撤销债务人的行为。撤销权的行使范围以债权人的债权为限。债权人行使撤销权的必要费用，由债务人负担。

Article 74    If a debtor disclaims its due creditor's rights or transfers gratis its property and thus causes losses to the creditor, the creditor may apply to a people's court to rescind the debtor's action. The creditor may also apply to a people's court to rescind the debtor's action if the debtor causes losses to the creditor by transferring its property at a low price evidently unreasonable and with awareness of the transferee.The scope for exercising the right of rescission is limited to the creditor's rights enjoyed by the creditor. The expenses required by the creditor in exercising its right of rescission shall be borne by the debtor.

第七十五条　撤销权自债权人知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内行使。自债务人的行为发生之日起五年内没有行使撤销权的，该撤销权消灭。

Article 75   The right of rescission shall be exercised within one year from the day on which the creditor is aware or ought to be aware of the matters for the rescission. If a creditor does not exercise its right of rescission within five years from the day on which the action of the debtor occurred, the right of rescission shall vanish.

第七十六条　合同生效后，当事人不得因姓名、名称的变更或者法定代表人、负责人、承办人的变动而不履行合同义务。

 Article 76 After a contract has become valid, neither party may refuse to perform its obligations under the contract due to any change in name or designation or any change in legal representative, person in charge or sponsor.

第70至76条是“合同相对性”和“合同履行抗辩权”制度，以上7条分别规定了：

1.债权人重大变更（中止+提存）

2.债务人履行变更（提前履行+部分履行）

3.代位权（1程序:法院名义；2要点:范围+费用；3要件:到期+怠于形使+有损害。）

4.撤销权（1程序:法院名义；1期限：1年+5年；2要点:范围+费用；3要件:到期+放弃债权+有损害。）

5.不正当拒绝履行理由（5变动：姓名、名称、法定代表人、负责人、承办人。）

1.分立、合并。“分立”可以使用separate, split, divide。三者相关的常见法律术语有separation of powers（三权分立），corporate division（公司分立），split off（分离）。我国现行《公司法》（2006年版）第九章标题“公司合并、分立、增资、减资”全国人大给出的官方英译本的翻译为“Merger and Division of Companies, Increase and Reduction of

Capital”，关于分立，其采用的也是division一词。另外，作者4天前（2018年6月8日）在本公众号发表过一篇题为“跨境并购法律实务专题（七）：交割前义务（承诺）”的原创文章，该文第三部分“重要概念、术语一览”第7行提及的divestiture也是实务中常用法律英语术语，其意为资产剥离。“合并”一词翻译作merger没有争议，我们常提及的海外并购（oversea    merger and acquisition/ takeover）用的就是这个词。

2.住所。domicile（住所地），改词是常见法律术语，其法律含义与principal place of business（principal office）(主营业地)、business premise（营业场所）、registered office（注册地）差别很大但很容易混淆。本公众号在前面“合同英语”板块中“跨境并购法律实务专题”中已有详细英文讲解，有兴趣朋友可以参阅。

3.标的物提存。标的物，“提存”翻译为deposit没有异议。补充一句，《合同法》第19章、第20章标题分别为“保管合同”“仓储合同”，对应英译分别为contracts for storage/safekeeping，contracts for warehousing，类似概念可以对比。“标的物”一词，官方译为the targeted matter没错，翻译为the subject matter也很常见（合同标的：contract subject）。但是有译本翻译the object却不妥，在民商法中，object多指the purpose for which a contract or obligation is formed 。

4.提前履行债务、部分履行债务。an anticipated discharge of debts/an advance performance of the contract, a discharge of debts in part/the partial performance of the contract。官方译本使用的discharge一词是个亮点，discharge一词的词典解释摘录如下：

discharge : to release from an obligation: as 
   a : to relieve of a duty under an instrument (as a contract or a    negotiable instrument) ;also to render (an instrument) no longer enforceable [a formal instrument…may be discharged by either cancellation or surrender "J. D. Calamari and J. M. Perillo"] 
   b : to release (a debtor in bankruptcy) from liability for his or her debts 

5.怠于行使到期债权、放弃行使到期债权。

1）“怠于”（形使权利）个人认为“怠于”（形使权利）翻译为be indolent    in exercising one’s right更准确。Indolent意思为disinclined    to work or exertion，也就是躺在权利上睡觉。

2）“放弃”（行使权利）官方译本译为disclaims one's right，个人认为翻译准确。Disclaim意思为renounce a legal claim or title to，to reject or relinquish a claim to (as an interest in an estate) 是个正是用词，符合法律英语语体特征，有放弃、拒绝承认的意思，常见的免责声明、免责条款翻译为disclaimer clause。

3）“到期”翻译为due。Due意思为owed and payable immediately or on demand，expire意思lose validity。一曰履行期限生效，一曰效力终止，两者意义差别很大，注意不能混用。

4）“债权、债务”分别翻译为creditor’s right和debt无争议。

6.无偿转让财产。transfers gratis its property。Gratis作为形容词和副词分别意为costing nothing和without payment。

7.代位行使(债务人的债权)。subrogate the debtor's creditor's rights。Subrogate作为法律专业术语，意思为to put in the place of another by the doctrine of subrogation ，substitute (as a second creditor) for another with regard to a legal right or claim。

1. separate, split, divide

2. divestiture

3.domicile, principal place of business（principal office）, business premise, registered office

4. deposit, storage, safekeeping, warehousing

5. the subject matter, contract subject, the object

6. discharge

7. be indolent in exercising one’s right

8. disclaims one's right

9.due, expire

10.gratis

11.subrogate