Certain Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Strengthening Work of Public Trial by People's Court

关于加强人民法院审判公开工作的若干意见

Promulgating Institution: Supreme People's Court

Document Number: Fa Fa [2007] No. 20

Promulgating Date: 06/04/2007

Effective Date: 06/04/2007

颁布机关: 最高人民法院

文    号: 法发[2007]20号

颁布时间: 06/04/2007

实施时间: 06/04/2007

Text

正文

In order to further implement the principle of public trial as specified in the Constitution, and carry out the requirement of "improving the public trial system" proposed at the 6th Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party, give full play to the people's courts in building a harmonious socialist society, the following opinions are hereby made concerning strengthening the work of public trial by people's courts:

    为进一步落实宪法规定的公开审判原则，深入贯彻党的十六届六中全会提出的健全公开审判制度的要求，充分发挥人民法院在构建社会主义和谐社会中的职能作用，现就加强人民法院审判公开工作提出以下意见。

A. Fully realize the great significance of strengthening the work of public trial by people's courts

     一、充分认识加强人民法院审判公开工作的重大意义

1. Strengthening the work of public trial is an intrinsic requirement for building a harmonious socialist society. Public trial shall mean making public the important process of the trial work of people's courts, which shall be centered on the trial of cases publicly. It shall serve as the specific implementation of the principle of public trial as specified in the Constitution, and is a significant manifestation of the people's democratic dictatorship and an important guarantee for realizing fairness and justice in the society. People's courts at all levels shall be fully aware of the concern and urgent need of the general public and the society as a whole for constant strengthening the openness of the trial work and shall fully implement the principle of public trial in their trial and law enforcement work, in a view to developing socialist democratic politics, fulfilling the general plan of governing the country in accordance with the law and building a harmonious socialist society.

    1.加强审判公开工作是构建社会主义和谐社会的内在要求。审判公开是以公开审理案件为核心内容的、人民法院审判工作各重要环节的依法公开，是对宪法规定的公开审判原则的具体落实，是我国人民民主专政本质的重要体现，是在全社会实现公平和正义的重要保障。各级人民法院要充分认识到广大人民群众和全社会对不断增强审判工作公开性的高度关注和迫切需要，从发展社会主义民主政治、落实依法治国方略、构建社会主义和谐社会的高度，在各项审判和执行工作中依法充分落实审判公开。

2. Strengthening the work of public trial is urgently required for constructing an impartial, highly-efficient and authoritative socialist judicial system. The implementation of the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Certain Important Issues Concerning Building a Harmonious Socialist Society, and the construction of an impartial, highly-efficient and authoritative judicial system shall be an important target of people's courts at present and for a certain period in the future. To achieve this target, the work of public trial shall be strengthened. Judicial impartiality shall mean "visible impartiality", high-efficiency shall be "efficiency that can be felt" while authoritativeness shall be the "well-recognized authoritativeness". People's courts at all levels shall, through deepening the extent of public trial, fully guarantee the litigation rights of parties and actively accept the supervisions of the parties and the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee, correctly cope with the supervision of news media, so as to build an impartial, highly-efficient and authoritative socialist judicial system.

    2.加强审判公开工作是建设公正、高效、权威的社会主义司法制度的迫切需要。深入贯彻落实《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》，建设公正、高效、权威的社会主义司法制度，是当前和今后一个时期人民法院工作的重要目标。实现这一目标，必须加强审判公开。司法公正应当是“看得见的公正”，司法高效应当是“能感受的高效”，司法权威应当是“被认同的权威”。各级人民法院要通过深化审判公开，充分保障当事人诉讼权利，积极接受当事人监督，主动接受人大及其常委会的工作监督，正确面对新闻媒体的舆论监督，建设公正、高效、权威的社会主义司法制度。

B. Correctly understand the basic principles for the work of public trial by people's courts

     二、准确把握人民法院审判公开工作的基本原则

3. Lawful openness. The duties of public trial specified shall be strictly performed, so as to guarantee the right of parties in participating in the trials, and being informed of the information of the trials. Efforts shall be made to strictly follow the scope of public trial specified by the laws and maintain strictly the State secrets and secrets of the trial during the trial of cases and protect the privacy and trade secrets of parties.

    3.依法公开。要严格履行法律规定的公开审判职责，切实保障当事人依法参与审判活动、知悉审判工作信息的权利。要严格执行法律规定的公开范围，在审判工作中严守国家秘密和审判工作秘密，依法保护当事人隐私和商业秘密。

4. Timely openness. If the law has specified a time limit, such time limit shall be strictly observed and the information relating to the trial work shall be publicized in a complete and timely manner. If no time limit is specified in the relevant law, the information relating to the trial work shall be publicized in a complete and timely manner within a reasonable time limit.

    4.及时公开。法律规定了公开时限的，要严格遵守法律规定的时限，在法定时限内快速、完整地依法公开审判工作信息。法律没有规定公开时限的，要在合理时间内快速、完整地依法公开审判工作信息。

5. Comprehensive openness. In accordance with the provisions of the law, people's courts shall conduct public hearing, public evidence presentation, cross-examination and judgment announcement publicly. As required by the work of trial, the information of each important process of the trial of people's courts that are related to the protection of parties' rights shall be publicized.

    5.全面公开。要按照法律规定，在案件审理过程中做到公开开庭，公开举证、质证，公开宣判；根据审判工作需要，公开与保护当事人权利有关的人民法院审判工作各重要环节的有效信息。

C. Strengthening the basic requirements of the work of public trial by people's courts

     三、切实加强人民法院审判公开工作的基本要求

6. A people's court shall, in the forms that are convenient for reference such as setting up information or bulletin boards and websites, announce the conditions for initiation of various cases under its jurisdiction, the formats of legal documents submitted by the parties concerned, the court cost rates, the basic conditions and procedures for the delayed, reduced or exempted payment of court costs, as well as the workflow of trial and enforcement, etc.

    6.人民法院应当以设置宣传栏或者公告牌、建立网站等方便查阅的形式，公布本院管辖的各类案件的立案条件、由当事人提交的法律文书的样式、诉讼费用的收费标准及缓、减、免交诉讼费的基本条件和程序、案件审理与执行工作流程等事项。

7. Where the materials concerning an action submitted by a party or the relevant formalities are incomplete, the relevant court shall inform, as far as possible, that party at one time of all the materials and formalities which that party shall submit and, where it is possible, shall do the same in writing. If that party is capable of submitting the materials at that time and place, the personnel who handle the initiation of the case shall direct that party to do so.

    7.对当事人起诉材料、手续不全的，要尽量做到一次性全面告知当事人应当提交的材料和手续，有条件的人民法院应当采用书面形式告知。能够当场补齐的，立案工作人员应当指导当事人当场补齐。

8. With regard to a case which a people's court decides to accept and which is to be tried under the ordinary procedure, the people's court shall, in a written notice of case acceptance and a written notice to respond to the action concerned, inform the parties concerned of the trial procedure to be applied and the relevant litigation rights and obligations. Where a decision is made to change the application of the summary procedure into the application of the ordinary procedure, the people's court shall, after making such decision, inform the parties concerned of the contents of, and the factual and legal basis for, the decision in a timely manner.

    8.对决定受理适用普通程序的案件，应当在案件受理通知书和应诉通知书中，告知当事人所适用的审判程序及有关的诉讼权利和义务。决定由适用简易程序转为适用普通程序的，应当在作出决定后及时将决定的内容及事实和法律根据告知当事人。

9. When filing an application with a people's court for the investigation and collection of evidence, a party concerned or his or her agent ad litem shall make a written application. A people's court shall inform in a timely manner the applicant and other parties concerned of its decision to investigate and collect evidence. If a people's court decides not to investigate and collect evidence, it shall prepare a written notice describing the reasons for the decision and serve the notice on the applicant in a timely manner.

    9.当事人及其诉讼代理人请求人民法院调查取证的，应当提出书面申请。人民法院决定调查收集证据的，应当及时告知申请人及其他当事人。决定不调查收集证据的，应当制作书面通知，说明不调查收集证据的理由，并及时送达申请人。

10. Where a people's court decides to take property preservation measures or early enforcement, it shall specify in the written decision the factual and legal grounds on which the property preservation measures or early enforcement are based, as well as the type and amount of guarantee provided by the applicant or factual or legal grounds for exemption of guarantee. Where a people's court decides not to adopt property preservation measures or early enforcement, it shall render a written decision and specify therein the relevant factual and legal grounds.

    10.人民法院裁定采取财产保全措施或者先予执行的，应当在裁定书中写明采取财产保全措施或者先予执行所依据的事实和法律根据，及申请人提供担保的种类、金额或者免予担保的事实和法律根据。人民法院决定不采取财产保全措施或者先予执行的，应当作出书面裁定，并在裁定书中写明有关事实和法律根据。

11. People's courts shall strictly follow the scope of cases for public trial as specified in the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, and the Administrative Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and relevant judicial interpretations, and shall conduct public trial if it is so required. Where a party concerned alleges that a case involves personal privacy or trade secrets, a people's court shall make decision based on reasonable judgment, taking into consideration the party's opinions and factors such as the rational knowledge that is generally accepted by society, and shall consult experts when necessary.

    11.人民法院必须严格执行《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》、《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》、《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》及相关司法解释关于公开审理的案件范围的规定，应当公开审理的，必须公开审理。当事人提出案件涉及个人隐私或者商业秘密的，人民法院应当综合当事人意见、社会一般理性认识等因素，必要时征询专家意见，在合理判断基础上作出决定。

12. When trying second-instance criminal cases, conditions shall be created to gradually realize the conduction of a court hearing. With regard to an appeal case wherein the defendant was sentenced to death penalty in the first-instance trial or a case against which the procuratorial organ has filed a protest, a court hearing shall be conducted. Court hearings shall be intensified gradually with regard to second-instance civil and administrative cases.

    12.审理刑事二审案件，应当积极创造条件，逐步实现开庭审理；被告人一审被判处死刑的上诉案件和检察机关提出抗诉的案件，应当开庭审理。要逐步加大民事、行政二审案件开庭审理的力度。

13. If a court hearing is not to be conducted with regard to a second-instance criminal case, the people's court shall, on the basis of full examination of case files and evidence, interrogate the defendants and listen to the opinions of the defenders and agent ad litem, verify the evidence and clarify the facts. If a court hearing is not to be conducted with regard to a second-instance civil or administrative case, the people's court shall fully examine the case files and listen to the opinions of the parties, verify the evidence and clarify the facts.

    13.刑事二审案件不开庭审理的，人民法院应当在全面审查案卷材料和证据基础上讯问被告人，听取辩护人、代理人的意见，核实证据，查清事实；民事、行政二审案件不开庭审理的，人民法院应当全面审查案卷，充分听取当事人意见，核实证据，查清事实。

14. When a people's court tries a case, a judgment shall be pronounced if it may be pronounced before the court. If a judgment is pronounced on a fixed date or under entrustment, such pronouncement shall be made in a timely manner after the issuance of the judgment document or receipt of the letter of entrustment, and the parties concerned and other participants in the action shall be notified before the pronouncement. When a judgment is pronounced, sitting in on the hearing of a case is allowed, and the legal documents shall be served promptly after the pronouncement.

    14.要逐步提高当庭宣判比率，规范定期宣判、委托宣判。人民法院审理案件，能够当庭宣判的，应当当庭宣判。定期宣判、委托宣判的，应当在裁判文书签发或者收到委托函后及时进行，宣判前应当通知当事人和其他诉讼参与人。宣判时允许旁听，宣判后应当立即送达法律文书。

15. With valid certificates, Chinese citizens may sit in on the hearing of cases that are tried publicly in accordance with the law, and a people's court shall make proper arrangements for the audience to sit in on the hearing. Where the issue of permits for sitting in on a court hearing is limited for any objective reasons such as the court site or security, the people's court shall make the necessary explanations.

    15.依法公开审理的案件，我国公民可以持有效证件旁听，人民法院应当妥善安排好旁听工作。因审判场所、安全保卫等客观因素所限发放旁听证的，应当作出必要的说明和解释。

16. For cases that attract extensive concerns of the people, have comparatively greater social impact, or contribute to socialist legal publicity and education, a people's court may arrange for people to sit in on the hearing of such cases in a planned manner via the relevant organizations, invite deputies to the people's congresses and members of the political consultative conferences to sit in on the hearing of such cases so as to improve their understanding of the trial and adjudication work of the court and facilitate their supervision on the trial and adjudication work.

    16.对群众广泛关注、有较大社会影响或者有利于社会主义法治宣传教育的案件，可以有计划地通过相关组织安排群众旁听，邀请人大代表、政协委员旁听，增进广大群众、人大代表、政协委员了解法院审判工作，方便对审判工作的监督。

17. Where an enforcement applicant provides a people's court with a clue of the property of the person subject to enforcement, the people's court shall, after receiving the relevant clue, decide as quickly as possible whether an investigation should be carried out. If a decision to refuse the investigation is made, the court shall inform the enforcement applicant of the specific reasons. Where a people's court investigates into the property situation of the person subject to enforcement according to the clue provided by the enforcement applicant or its power of office, the court shall inform the enforcement applicant of the result of the investigation in a timely manner after the investigation is completed. Where the person subject to enforcement declares the property thereof to a people's court, the people's court shall, after receiving the declaration, timely inform the enforcement applicant of the property situation of the person subject to enforcement.

    17.申请执行人向人民法院提供被执行人财产线索的，人民法院应当在收到有关线索后尽快决定是否调查，决定不予调查的，应当告知申请执行人具体理由。人民法院根据申请执行人提供的线索或依职权调查被执行人财产状况的，应当在调查结束后及时将调查结果告知申请执行人。被执行人向人民法院申报财产的，人民法院应当在收到申报后及时将被执行人申报的财产状况告知申请执行人。

18. A people's court shall announce the conditions and procedures for selecting an auction agency or an evaluation agency, select the auction agency or evaluation agency publicly, and announce the name of the selected intermediary agency in a timely manner.

A people's court shall publicize the course and result of the evaluation or auction to the parties and the interested parties and shall, in the case of failure to conduct an evaluation or auction in a timely manner, state the reasons to the parties and the interested parties.

    18.人民法院应当公告选择评估、拍卖等中介机构的条件和程序，公开进行选定，并及时公告选定的中介机构名单。人民法院应当向当事人、利害关系人公开评估、拍卖、变卖的过程和结果；不能及时拍卖、变卖的，应当向当事人、利害关系人说明原因。

19. Where there are no provisions of law concerning the procedures for dealing with the matters involving the material rights and interests of the parties concerned or any outside party during the course of handling a case, a people's court shall establish flexible and convenient hearing mechanisms based on actual situations, and hold hearings. A people's court shall hold hearings of the cases where any party concerned or any interested person raises objection to enforcement or makes request for modifying or adding persons subject to enforcement, or the cases where petitions for retrial are filed and an examination of the case files by the relevant people's court proves that the conditions for retrial are satisfied.

    19.对办案过程中涉及当事人或案外人重大权益的事项，法律没有规定办理程序的，各级人民法院应当根据实际情况，建立灵活、方便的听证机制，举行听证。对当事人、利害关系人提出的执行异议、变更或追加被执行人的请求、经调卷复查认为符合再审条件的申诉申请再审案件，人民法院应当举行听证。

20. People's courts shall establish and publish the mechanisms for inquiry about the handling of cases, making it convenient for the parties concerned and their entrusted agents to obtain timely information on the trial, and enforcement relating to the litigation rights and obligations of the parties.

    20.人民法院应当建立和公布案件办理情况查询机制，方便当事人及其委托代理人及时了解与当事人诉讼权利、义务相关的审判和执行信息。

21. A people's court, if possible, may make audiotape and videotape of the court hearing and relevant important trial and adjudication activities, and establish audio-visual archives of the trial and adjudication work. The parties concerned may consult and make copies of the archives according to relevant provisions.

    21.有条件的人民法院对于庭审活动和相关重要审判活动可以录音、录像，建立审判工作的声像档案，当事人可以按规定查阅和复制。

22. All high people's courts shall institute specific measures for the announcement of effective judgment documents by publications, local area networks, Internet, and other means according to the circumstances of their own jurisdiction to intensify the announcement of effective judgment documents gradually.

    22.各高级人民法院应当根据本辖区内的情况制定通过出版物、局域网、互联网等方式公布生效裁判文书的具体办法，逐步加大生效裁判文书公开的力度。

23. The live broadcast or rebroadcast of cases publicly tried by a people's court through TV, the Internet or other media shall be subject to the approval of a high people's court.

    23.通过电视、互联网等媒体对人民法院公开审理案件进行直播、转播的，由高级人民法院批准后进行。

D. Regulate the public trial and maintain the authoritativeness of the law and the image of the justice system

     四、规范审判公开工作，维护法律权威和司法形象

24. When trying cases publicly, a people's court shall conduct court hearings in the courtroom. In the event of the circuit hearing of a case, the court hearing shall be conducted at a fixed place for trial, if any; or an appropriate place may be chosen for the court hearing according to the actual situation if there is no such fixed place for trial.

    24.人民法院公开审理案件，庭审活动应当在审判法庭进行。巡回审理案件，有固定审判场所的，庭审活动应当在该固定审判场所进行；尚无固定审判场所的，可根据实际条件选择适当的场所。

25. A judgment document by a people's court is an important carrier for the public trial activities, and reason, ground and results of the adjudication by that people's court. The preparation of the judgment document shall be in compliance with the requirements of the Supreme People's Court, containing the necessary constituents for a judgment document. It shall be able to clearly reflect the process, facts, reasons and grounds for the adjudication according to the requirements of "appropriately complicated and being easy to be understood".

    25.人民法院裁判文书是人民法院公开审判活动、裁判理由、裁判依据和裁判结果的重要载体。裁判文书的制作应当符合最高人民法院颁布的裁判文书样式要求，包含裁判文书的必备要素，并按照繁简得当、易于理解的要求，清楚地反映裁判过程、事实、理由和裁判依据。

26. When the personnel of the people's courts conduct civil service activities, they shall dress up in accordance with the relevant rules and present their work certificate initiatively.

    26.人民法院工作人员实施公务活动，应当依据有关规定着装，并主动出示工作证。

27. People's courts shall publicize the discipline standards for their trial and law enforcement work, and the measures for filing complaints against illegal trial or illegal law enforcement so as to facilitate the supervision by the parties and the society.

    27.人民法院应当向社会公开审判、执行工作纪律规范，公开违法审判、违法执行的投诉办法，便于当事人及社会监督。