英语语言特征：聚集，英语语言注重句子结构完整，注重结构形式规范，成分关系明确，有严谨的主谓结构。

英语句子的基本句型：

SV: The telephone rang. 主语+动词

SVP: We are students. 主语+动词+表语

SVO: Labour created man. 主语+动词+宾语

SVOO: I gave him a letter.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

SVOC: He painted the door green. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语

英语基本句型的扩展：

1. 增加修饰语.

Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputers

2. 扩展基本句型的成分

The kaleidoscope of shifting interests of the nations during the negotiation made it impossible to sort out the “winners” and “losers”.

3. 基本句型的组合

A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so larger that humans of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to space; here and there we come upon a giant star larger enough to contain millions of millions of earth.

4. 基本句型的省略

Every language has its peculiarities; they are established by usage, and whether (they are)right or wrong, they must be complied with.

5. 基本句型的倒装

Neither could theory do without practice, nor (could) practice (do) without theory.

汉语语言特征：流散。相比之下，汉语的主谓结构则复杂得多。主语不仅形式多样，而且可有可无，谓语也复杂多样。且汉语不受形态的束缚，不遵从主谓形式协调一致。

汉语句型划分：

1. 话题句：话题语+评论语

开车他没有经验。

2. 施事句：施事语+动作语

他在学习开车。

3. 关系句 ：表达各种关系的复句

(因为)他天天练习开车，(所以)很快就学会了。

4. 呼叹句：

多么新鲜的水果啊！

5. 祈使句：表达请求，命令或要求

请勿酒后开车！

6. 存现句：表明人或事物出现或消失

黑暗中来了一部车子。

7. 有无句：领有者+(没)有十被领有者

他有热情，有朝气。

8. 描写句:主题语+描写语(形容词)

这部小车很新。

9. 说明句:主题语+说明语(名词)

今天星期日。