干货 | 法律英语词义辨析:整合、合并

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Acquisition/Consolidation/Merger


以上三个单词均指公司之间的相互整合或合并。

准确地讲acquisition应译为“购并”,merger应当译为“兼并”,而 consolidation则应译为“合并”。以acquisition方式进行的购并,多指一个公司以收购某公司股份的方式进行接管或达到控股的目的( the obtaining of controlling interest in a company),其结果是两个法人实体地位在交易之后仍可同时存在,鉴于收购所需资金关系,故此种方式多用作收购小公司。


相比之下,merger所指的是一个公司对另一个的兼并,其多以被兼并公司的消亡形式进行,但有时也可保留被兼并的公司的名称,或兼并公司成为被兼并公司的控股公司,但此时被兼并公司已失去其法人身份,不再是独立的商务实体。

目前流行的公司之间的“并购”,则指merger and acquisition略为MA,指用收购方式进行的兼并。consolidation常用于大公司的合并,在合并时多有新资本注入,其与merger和 acquisition的主要区别在于consolidation是把两个或两个以上的公司合并成为一家新公司,而原有的诸公司都得宣布解散。

Acquisition

n.

1、取得,取得之物;

2、买受(进);

3、招揽;

4、[公]购并(指以收购股份的方式进行公司兼并)。

相关词组:

Acquisition adjustment对资产购置的调整

Acquisition auditing企业买受审计

Acquisition commission资产购置手续费

Acquisition cost取得成本,原始成本,历史成本(指资产在其取得时,为它所支付的现金或现金等价物的金额,也称为 original cost,historical cost),手续费(指买卖证券或保险中需额外支付的包括销售佣金及其他开支的费用,也称为load,sales load)

Acquisition phase采购阶段,获取阶段

Acquisition price(资产的)购置价格

Acquisition by cession转让取得

Acquisition by conquest征服取得

Acquisition by occupancy占有取得

Acquisition for value有偿取得

Acquisition of a claim取得他人的债权等

英文释义:

1. The process boy which one gains knowledge or learns a skill language acquisition>.

2. The gaining of possession or control over something.

3. Something acquired.

——Black’s Law Dictionary


Consolidation

n.

1、指公司的合并,企业合并(指两个或多个企业将股份财产或特权合并统一管理,无论是否是解散一家企业,或都解散抑或都存在);

2、联合,合并(包括行为或状态);

3、(法律的)汇编;

4、诉的合并(指基于各个诉的主体或内容上的联系,把几个诉合并在一起共同审理和解决;

5、整理(债务、土地、公司等),调整,集装。

相关词组:

Consolidation act法律合并法

Consolidation ledger合并分类账

Consolidation loan债务合并贷款(其收益可用于清偿其他个人贷款,由此使得债务更好得到管理)

Consolidation point集装点(把许多小的装运货物合并起来作为一个单元的待运仓库或运输起讫点)

Consolidation service(集装箱)拼箱作业

Consolidation shed(集装箱)拼箱场

Consolidation by lease租并(以租赁方式进行的合并)

Consolidation by merger兼并

Consolidation by purchase购并

英文释义:

1. The act or process of uniting;the quality, state, or condition of being united.

2. Legislation. The combination into a single statutory measure of various legislative provisions that have previously been scattered in different statutes.

3. Civil procedure.The court-ordered unification of two or more actions involving the same parties and issues, into a single action resulting in a single judgment or, sometimes, in separate judgments.

4. A judicial order that combines charges in two or more separate accusatory instruments into a single accusatory instrument.

——Black’s Law Dictionary


Merger

n.

1、(企业)兼并(指以产权有权转让之方式把其他企业并入某企业或企业集团,使被兼并的企业失去法人资格或改变法人实体的经济行为;

2、合并行为(或混合情况),整合,完整性(合同法上指用一个高级形式合同替代原有的各种低级形式合同,合同双方当事人协议其为自己完全意思表示,此后不得再增添任何条款;

3、替代(合同法上指双方当事人之间用新责任替代原有的无法履行或无法清偿的责任),债的混同(债法上指因债权人与债务人合并为一人而消灭债的行为;

4、权利混同(租赁中主出租人的权益被另一权益吸收混合,租赁关系可因此而终止);

5、吞并(规则)(民法即判效力理论中的一项规则,指如在第个诉讼中原告胜诉,其原来所提出的请求已经被胜诉的裁判所吞并,故原告不能在以后就同一被告和同一诉因请求给付更高赔偿;

6、数罪并罚(刑法上指对一个人所犯数罪合并处罚,由此可避免双重险境;

7、吸收(指将合同协议吸收进法庭裁决中),程序合并(指普通法和衡平法程序的合并),合并原则。

相关词组:

Merger activity(企业等的)兼并活动

Merger clause完整合同条款(指合同中用以说明该合同是双方当事人完全合意表现之条款常以“本合同为完整的书面协议,其应取代以前双方当事人之间的任何条款、陈述、协议”等表述形式出现。

Merger doctrine思想表达合并原则(著作权法中指表达与思想难以区分,甚一至混合在思想中,此时思想不受著作权保护表达也不受保护。

Merger by purchase(企业等之间的)并购

Merger of convictions数罪合并

Merger of corporation企业兼并

Merger of offenses数罪并罚等

英文释义:

1. The act or an instance of combining or uniting.

2. Contracts. The substitution of a superior form of contract for an inferior form, as when a written contract supersedes all oral agreements and prior under-standings.

3. Contracts. The replacement of a contractual duty or of a duty to compensate with a new duty between the same parties, based on different operative facts, for the same performance or for a performance differing only in liquidating a duty that was previously unliquidated.

4. Property.The absorption of a lesser estate into a greater estate when both become the same persons.

5. Criminal law. The absorption of a lesser included offense into a more serious offense when a person is charged with both crimes, so that the person is not subject to double jeopardy.

6. Civil procedure. The effect of a judgment for the plaintiff, which absorbs any claim that was the subject of the lawsuit into the judgment, so that the plaintiffs rights are confined to enforcing the judgment.

7. The joining of the procedural aspects of law and equity.

8. The absorption of one organization(esp. a corporation) that ceases to exist into another that retains its own name and identity and acquires the assets and liabilities of the former.

9. The merger of rights and duties in the same person resulting in the extinction of obligations; esp, the blending of the rights of a creditor and debtor, resulting in the extinction of the creditors right to collect the debt.

10. The absorption of a contract Into a court order, so that an agreement between the parties often a marital agreement incident to a divorce or separation)loses its separate identity as an enforceable contract when it is incorporated into a court order.

——Black’s Law Dictionary


(本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”,已获授权)

发布于 2020-06-01 10:03:32
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