Aggression/Assault/Attack/Offensive

上述单词均有侵犯和攻击的含义。

aggression多指无违反联合国宪章规定的战争行为，如侵略别国的行为。attack多指企图伤害或消灭他人，常在他人无防备或准备情况下进行攻击。Assault为猛烈攻击，尤指近距离的身体接触和暴力，常针对某个人和少数人，且常带有因嫉妒、怨恨等个人情感，其突然性和出其不意性往往比attack更强，因此attack能用surprise修饰，而用surprise修饰assault则为累赘。Offensive有时可与Attack互换使用，有时则指一种大规模的军事进攻活动。

1

Aggression

n.

侵略，侵略行为。

英文释义：

1. Angry or threatening behavior or statements that may well prompt or provoke fighting.

2. Int' I law. The act of attacking a country, esp in the absence of direct provocation, so that the attack is considered a grave breach of international law by a country. 

——Black’s Law Dictionary

2

Assault

n.

人身恐吓行为(威胁使用或使用暴力使受害人感到恐惧和害怕，担心自已会受到人身伤害。在美国，如对某人说“信不信我杀死你”，即可能会构成侵权或犯罪，如为侵权即称为 civil assault，属于犯罪时则称criminal assault。

相关词汇：

Assault by contact接触式攻击罪(知道此种攻击性接触会挑衅或冒犯他人而故意实施该行为)

Assault with a dangerous/ deadly weapon使用危险(或致命)武器的攻击(属于有加重情式节的攻击)

Assault with intent有其他犯罪故意的恐吓(包括谋杀、抢劫、强奸、伤害等犯罪故意)

Assault with intent to commit murder有谋杀故意的攻击

Assault with intent to rape有强奸故意的攻击

英文释义：

1. Criminal e tort law. The threat or use of force on another that causes that person to have a reasonable apprehension of imminent harmful or offensive contact; the act of putting another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of an immediate battery by means of an act amounting to an attempt or threat to commit a battery.

2. Criminal law. An attempt to commit battery,requiring the specific intent to cause physical injury.

——Black’s Law Dictionary

3

Attack

n./v.

攻击、袭击、打击。

相关词汇：

make an attack on the will as not properly witness以遗嘱无合法见证为由企图证明其无效

英文释义：

1. launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with;

2. attack in speech or writing;

3. take the initiative and go on the offensive;

4. attack someone physically or emotionally;

5. set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task.

4

Offensive

a.

攻击的，令人厌恶的，冒犯的，侮辱。

n.

进攻，攻势

相关词汇：

Offensive cargo违禁货物

Offensive language污言秽语，令人不快的语言，冒犯性语言

英文释义：

1. Making attack; aggressive <offensive tactics>.

2. Of, relating to, or designed for attack < an offensive weapon>.

3. Unpleasant or disagreeable to the senses; obnoxious <an offensive odor>.

4. Causing displeasure, anger, or resentment; esp, repugnant to the prevailing sense of what is decent or moral<patently offensive language and photographs>. 

——Black’s Law Dictionary

（本文转自公众号“律蚁语言服务社”，已获授权）