第十三条　当事人订立合同，采取要约、承诺方式。

第十四条　要约是希望和他人订立合同的意思表示，该意思表示应当符合下列规定：

（一）内容具体确定；

（二）表明经受要约人承诺，要约人即受该意思表示约束。

第十五条　要约邀请是希望他人向自己发出要约的意思表示。寄送的价目表、拍卖公告、招标公告、招股说明书、商业广告等为要约邀请。商业广告的内容符合要约规定的，视为要约。

第十六条　要约到达受要约人时生效。采用数据电文形式订立合同，收件人指定特定系统接收数据电文的，该数据电文进入该特定系统的时间，视为到达时间；未指定特定系统的，该数据电文进入收件人的任何系统的首次时间，视为到达时间。

第十七条　要约可以撤回。撤回要约的通知应当在要约到达受要约人之前或者与要约同时到达受要约人。

第十八条　要约可以撤销。撤销要约的通知应当在受要约人发出承诺通知之前到达受要约人。

第十九条　有下列情形之一的，要约不得撤销：

（一）要约人确定了承诺期限或者以其他形式明示要约不可撤销；

（二）受要约人有理由认为要约是不可撤销的，并已经为履行合同作了准备工作。

第二十条　有下列情形之一的，要约失效：

（一）拒绝要约的通知到达要约人；

（二）要约人依法撤销要约；

（三）承诺期限届满，受要约人未作出承诺；

（四）受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更。

第13至20条是“要约制度”，此8条分别规定了：

1.要约的定义与成立要件（2要件）

2.“要约邀请”的定义（5例子）

3.要约的生效时间（到达主义）

4.要约撤回的时间（到达生效前）

5.要约撤销的时间，不能撤销的情形（2情形）

6.要约失效情形（4情形）                                                

Article 13 The parties shall, in making a contract, take the form of offer and acceptance.

Article 14 An "offer" is an intent indication showing the desire to enter into a contract with others, and the intent indication shall conform to the following provisions:

(1)    the content indicated shall be concrete and definite;

(2)    the offeror shall, as is indicated, be bound by the intent indication upon its acceptance by an offeree.

Article 15    An invitation for offer is an intent indication showing the desire to receive offers from others. Mailed or delivered price catalogs, auction announcements, invitations for bid, capital-raising prospectus and commercial advertisements are such invitations for offer.

A commercial advertisement shall, if its content conforms to the provisions regarding offers, be deemed an offer.

Article 16 An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree.

If a contract is made in the form of text in electronic data and the receiver has designated a special receiving system to receive such data text, the time at which the text in electronic data enters the designated special    system shall be the time of arrival; if no special receiving system is designated, the time at which the text in electronic data first enters any of the receiver's systems shall be the time of arrival.

Article 17  An offer may be withdrawn. The withdrawal notice of an offer shall reach the offeree before or at the same time as the arrival of the offer at the offeree.

Article 18  An offer may be revoked. The revocation notice of an offer shall reach the offeree before the dispatch of an acceptance notice by the offeree.

Article 19  An offer may not be revoked under any of the  followingconditions:

(1)  the offeror has specified a time limit for the acceptance, or has explicitly indicated in any other manner the irrevocability of the offer;

(2)  there are grounds for the offeree to maintain the irrevocability of the offer and the offeree has made preparations for the fulfillment of the contract.

Article 20 An offer loses its effect under any of the following conditions:

(1)  a rejection notice of the offer has reached  the offeror;

(2)  the offeror has revoked the offer pursuant to law;

(3)  when the fixed time limit for acceptance expires, the offeree undertakes no acceptance; or

(4)  the offeree makes a substantial change of the content of the offer.

1.要约、要约邀请、承诺。分别用offer,invitation to offer和acceptance，这是legal terms of art，合同成立的国际通用概念。

2.意思表示。有翻译为Intent indication，也可翻译为proposal（谈判常用词），两种译法各有优劣。

3.符合╳╳╳规定。可用in    accordance with, according to, pursuant to, conform to, observe, abide by, follow, in line with等。值得注意的是，comply with的主语通常是Sth，而observe和abide by则的主语通常是Sb.
      4.（内容）具体确定。译为Detailed/concrete and definite。这里definite的意思是precise; explicit and clearly defined。

5.价目表、拍卖公告、招标公告、招股说明书、商业广告。Price catalogue/catalog/form, auction announcement, invitation for bid/tender, (capital-raising) prospectus, commercial advertisement。都是常用的法律术语，不必多解释。但是prospectus一词大家可能接触不多，其意为a document describing the major features of a proposed businessventure, literary work, etc., so that prospective investors,  participants, or buyers may evaluate it。

6.要约人、被邀约人。Offeror和offeree, 后缀区别。

7.撤回、撤销。Withdrawn和revoke，译法无争议。

8.生效、失效。Take effect，Become effective，Lose effect，Be    of no force or effect, Become null and void，Lapse and ceases to have effect。

9.期限届满。Time limit expires。

10.实质性变更。a substantial change of（the content）。

                                           William，2018-05-27