法言法语 *合同法第21-31条【承诺】

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中英对照

第二十一条 承诺是受要约人同意要约的意思表示。

Article 21 An acceptance is an assent indication of the offeree to an offer. 

第二十二条 承诺应当以通知的方式作出,但根据交易习惯或者要约表明可以通过行为作出承诺的除外。                                   

Article 22 An acceptance shall be made in form of a notice, unless, in light of trade practices or as indicated by the offer, the offeree may indicate the assent by performing an act. 

第二十三条 承诺应当在要约确定的期限内到达要约人。要约没有确定承诺期限的,承诺应当依照下列规定到达:

(一)要约以对话方式作出的,应当即时作出承诺,但当事人另有约定的除外

(二)要约以非对话方式作出的,承诺应当在合理期限内到达。

Article 23 An acceptance shall reach the offeror within the time limit fixed by the offer.

If no time limit is fixed by the offer, the acceptance shall reach the offeror in accordance with the following provisions:

(1) if an offer is made orally, acceptance shall be made promptly unless    the parties stipulate otherwise; and

(2) if an offer is not made orally, the acceptance shall reach the offeror within a reasonable period of time.

第二十四条 要约以信件或者电报作出的,承诺期限自信件载明的日期或者电报交之日开始计算。信件未载明日期的,自投寄该信件的邮戳日期开始计算。要约以电话、传真等快速通讯方式作出的,承诺期限自要约到达受要约人时开始计算。

Article 24 If an offer is made through a letter or a telegram, the time limit for acceptance commences on the date shown on the letter or on the date the telegram is handed in for dispatch or, if no such date is shown on the letter, from the date shown by the postmark of the letter. If an offer is made by means of instantaneous communications such as telephone or facsimile, the time limit for acceptance commences at the moment that the offer reaches the offeree. 

第二十五条 承诺生效时合同成立。

Article 25 A contract is executed at the time when the acceptance becomes effective.

第二十六条 承诺通知到达要约人时生效。承诺不需要通知的,根据交易习惯或者要约的要求作出承诺的行为时生效。采用数据电文形式订立合同的,承诺到达的时间适用本法第十六条第二款的规定。

Article 26 The acceptance becomes effective when the acceptance notice reaches the offeror. If an acceptance needs no notice, it becomes effective when an act of acceptance is performed in light of trade practices or as indicated by the offer.

Where a contract is made in the form of text in electronic data, the provisions of Paragraph 2, Article 16 of this Law shall be applicable to the time of arrival of the acceptance.

第二十七条 承诺可以撤回。撤回承诺的通知应当在承诺通知到达要约人之前或者与承诺通知同时到达要约人。

Article 27 An acceptance may be withdrawn. The withdrawal notice of the acceptance shall reach the offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance notice reaches the offeror.

第二十八条 受要约人超过承诺期限发出承诺的,除要约人及时通知受要约人该承诺有效的以外,新要约。

Article 28 If the offeree makes an acceptance beyond the time limit for acceptance, it shall constitute a new offer unless the offeror notifies the offeree in time that the acceptance is effective.

第二十九条 受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺,按照通常情形能够及时到达要约人,但因其他原因承诺到达要约人时超过承诺期限的,除要约人及时通知受要约人因承诺超过期限不接受该承诺的以外,该承诺有效。

Article 29 If an offeree makes within the time limit for acceptance an acceptance that could reach the offeror in time under normal conditions but happens to reach the offeror beyond the limit due to other reasons, the acceptance shall be effective notwithstanding unless the offeror notifies the offeree in time that the acceptance is denied due to its delayed arrival.

第三十条 承诺的内容应当与要约的内容一致。受要约人对要约的内容作出实质性变更的,为新要约。有关合同标的、数量、质量、价款或者报酬、履行期限、履行地点和方式、违约责任和解决争议方法等的变更,是对要约内容的实质性变更。

Article 30 The content of an acceptance shall be consistent with the content of the offer. If the offeree proposes any substantial change to the content of the offer, it shall constitute a new offer. Changes related to the    targeted matter, quantity, quality, price or remuneration, duration of fulfillment, place and mode of fulfillment, liability for breach of contract and method of dispute settlement in a contract are substantial changes to the content of an offer. 

第三十一条 承诺对要约的内容作出非实质性变更的,除要约人及时表示反对或者要约表明承诺不得对要约的内容作出任何变更的以外,该承诺有效,合同的内容以承诺的内容为准。

Article 31 If an acceptance makes non-substantial changes to the content of the offer, the acceptance shall  be effective notwithstanding and the content of the contract shall thus be based on the content of the acceptance, unless the offeror indicates in time its objection thereto, or as indicated in the offer, the acceptance may not make any change to the content of the offer.

法律解读

2131条是“承诺制度”,以上11条分别规定了:

1.承诺的定义(“同意”)

2.承诺的形式(通知+行为)

3.承诺的有效期(1个原则,2种例外)

4.承诺期限的起算(信件、电报“发出主义”+电话、传真“到达主义”)

5.承诺生效与合同成立(对等关系)

6.承诺的生效(1种原则“到达主义”,2种例外“做出注意”,1中特别“数据电文”。)

7.承诺撤回的时间

8.超期限承诺的后果

9.超期限到达承诺有效例外

10.承诺的实质性变更及后果

11.承诺的非实质性变更及后果                                         

法言法语

1.交易习惯。Trade practicestransaction practices都无疑议。还有commercial practices,这些都是合同谈判的高频用词。Practice这里是a customary way of operation or behavior

2.表明。使用in light of trade practices as indicated by两词很出彩。

3.(当事人)另有约定的除外。可以说unless otherwise provided. 这里provided可以替换成agreedcontemplatedstipulatedset forth等。值的注意的是,表达“规定”的几个词provide, set  forth, stipulate, prescribe使用有差别:

(1) provide 通常指法律、法令、合同等的规定;

(2) stipulate 通常指条例、法规之规定;

(3) set forth 一般指协议中所述的或者协议确定的;

(4) prescribe 泛指法律规定(to do as the laws prescribe依法办事)或具体指令
    
   4.一致。此处用be consistent with很是妥当,有版本翻译做comply withbe compatible with,个人认为不佳。

5.合同标的、数量、质量、价款或者报酬、履行期限、履行地点和方式、违约责任和解决争议方法。th targeted matter, quantity, quality, price or remuneration, duration of fulfillment, place and mode of fulfillment, liability for breach of contract and method of dispute settlement。其中“合同标的”译为contract subject似更妥。                                                               

William2018-05-28

如有错误、不足,欢迎留言指正或讨论~

 (文章来源:实务法律英语公众号)

 

 
发布于 2020-07-21 17:05:52
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