法言法语 *合同法第91-92条【合同终止】

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中英对照

第九十一条 有下列情形之一的,合同的权利义务终止

(一)债务已经按照约定履行;

(二)合同解除;

(三)债务相互抵销;

(四)债务人依法将标的物提存;

(五)债权人免除债务;

(六)债权债务同归于一人;

(七)法律规定或者当事人约定终止的其他情形。

Article 91    The rights and obligations under a contract shall terminate in any of the following situations:

(1) liabilities have all been met as contracted;

(2) the contract is dissolved;

(3) liabilities are offset against each other;

(4) the debtor has deposited the targeted matter according to law;

(5) the creditor grants exemption from liabilities;

(6) both creditor's rights and liabilities are undertaken by one same person; or

(7) other situations as provided for by law or stipulated by the parties.

第九十二条 合同的权利义务终止后,当事人应当遵循诚实信用原则,根据交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务。

Article 92    After the termination of rights and obligations under a contract, the parties shall perform the duties of notification, assistance and confidentiality in light of the principle of good faith and in accordance with trade practices.

法律解读

9192条是“合同终止”制度,以上2条分别规定了:

1.合同终止的情形(7项)

 A.履行完毕:实际履行+视同履行(债务抵消+提存+归一混同)

  B.债务消灭:合同解除+免除债务

  C.兜底情形:法定+约定

2.合同终止后果(默示义务:1个原则+3项义务)

值得一提的是,合同解除是合同终止的情形和事由之一,两者是包含于被包含关系。

法言法语

1.(合同)终止、中止、解除、撤销。 终止(terminate),中止(suspend),解(dissolve/dissolution,discharge,rescind/rescission,cancel),撤销(revoke,rescind,avoid)。注意上述词汇的差别,比如,一般而言,avoid  cancel 并不相同,在法律上有严格的区别。avoid 一般用于合同或其他法律行为无效或被撤销的场合,合同或其他法律行为自始无效。cancel 一般用于合同解除的场合,解除合同通常不具有溯及既往的效力。

2.(在)情形。In/under***Situationcircumstance

3.法定、约定。可译为As stipulatedas contracted,两个常用副词短语。表达“规定”、“约定”概念的几个常用词汇stipulate, prescribe, contemplate, provide, set forth, 上述词汇相互差别很大,切忌混用,本公众号前文已有多次论述,有兴趣读者可以参阅。

4.通知、协助、保密。使用notification, assistance and confidentiality等正式词汇符合法律英语语体特征。

5.权利、义务、责任。三者对应Rightobligationliability,此处第91条,官方译本将“债务”译为liability混同了obligationliability,如此低级错误,实在费解。顺便列举部分常用的“民事权利”、“民事责任”的先关术语:

财产所有权(property ownership

继承权(right of in heritage

知识产权(intellectual property right

人身权(personal rightright of the    person

民事责任(civil liability

6.遵循诚实信用原则。原文译为in light of the principle of good    faithin light of用词是亮点。关于“遵守、遵循”常用的几个词汇,conform to, abide by, follow, observe, comply with, in accordance with, 上述词汇相互差别很大,切忌混用,本公众号前文已有论述,有兴趣读者可以参阅。

关键词汇

1.terminate,suspend,dissolve/dissolution,discharge,rescind/rescission,revoke,rescind,cancel,avoid

2. Situation,circumstance

3. stipulate,prescribe,  contemplate, provide, set forth

4.notification,assistance and confidentiality

5.property ownership,right of in heritage,intellectual property right,personal right,right of the person,civil liability

6. conform to,abide by,follow,observe,comply with,in accordance with

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 (文章来源:实务法律英语公众号)

 

发布于 2020-07-23 16:36:12
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