Combining Form

构词成分

Meaning

Example  (Definition)

aden/o

Gland 腺体

adenopathy 腺体病 (gland disease）

carcin/o

Cancer 肿瘤

carcinoma 上皮组织来源的恶性肿瘤  (cancerous tumor)

cardi/o

heart 心脏

cardiac 心脏的 (pertaining to the heart)

chem/o

chemical 化学的

chemotherapy (treatment  withchemicals

Cis/o

To cut 切开

Incision (process  of cutting into）

Dermat/o

skin 皮肤

Dermatology 皮肤病学 (study of the skin)

Enter/o

Small intestines 小肠

Pertaining to the  small intestines

Gastr/o

Stomach 胃

Gastric 胃的 (pertaining to the stomach)

Gynec/o

Female 女性

Gynecology 妇科学 (study of females)

Hemat/o

Blood 血

Pertaining to the  blood)

Hydr/o

Water 水

Hydrocele 水囊肿 (Protrusion of water含水的凸起)

Immune/o

Immune 免疫

Immunology 免疫学 (study of immunity)

Laryng/o

Voice box 喉

Laryngeal 喉的 (pertaining to the voice box)

Morph/o

Shape 形态

Morphology 形态学 (study of shape)

Nephr/o

Kidney 肾

Nephromegaly 巨肾 (enlarged kidney)

Neur/o

Nerve 神经

Neural 神经的 (pertaining to a nerve 与神经有关 )

Ophthalm/o

Eye 眼

Ophthalmic  (pertaining to the eye)

Ot/o

Ear 耳

Otic 耳的 (pertaining to the ear)

Path/o

Disease 病

Pathology 病理学 (study of disease)

Pulmon/o

Lung 肺

Pulmonary 肺的 (pertaining to the lungs)

Rhin/o

Nose 鼻子

Rhinoplasty 鼻成型术 (surgical repair of the nose)

Ur/o

Urine, urinary  tract 尿路

Urology 泌尿外科 (study of the urinary tract)

Prefix

前缀

Meaning

Example (Definition)

a-

Without, away from 无

Aphasia 失语症 (without speech)

An-

Without 缺

Anoxia 缺氧 (without oxygen)

Ante

Before, in front of 前

Antepartum 产前的 (before birth)

Anti-

Against 抗

Antibiotic 抗生素 (against life)

Auto-

Self 自体的

Autograft 自体移植物

 (a graft from one’s  own body)

Brady-

Slow

Bradycardia 心动过缓 (slow heartbeat)

Dys-

Painful, difficult 困难

Dyspnea 呼吸困难 (painful breathing)

Endo-

Within, inner 内

Endoscope 内窥镜 (instrument to view within)

Epi-

Upon, over 上

Epigastric 上腹部

(upon or over the stomach)

Eu-

Normal, good 正常

Eupnea 平静呼吸 (normal breathing)

Hetero-

Different

Heterograft 异种移植

 (a graft from  another person’s body)

Homo-

Same

Homozygous 纯合子 (having two identical genes)

Hydro-

Water 水

Hydrotherapy 水疗法 (water therapy)

Hyper-

Over, above 超过

Hypertrophy 肥大 (overdevelopment)

Hypo-

Under, below

Hypoglossal 舌下的 (under the tongue)

Infra-

Under, beneath, below

Infraorbital 眶下的

(below, under the eye socket 眼窝 )

Inter-

Among, between

Intervertebral 椎间盘 (between the vertebrae)

Intra-

Within, inside

Intravenous 静脉内的 (inside, within a vein)

Macro-

Large

Macrocephalic 巨头 (having a large head)

Micro-

Small

Microcephalic 小头 (having a small head)

Neo-

New

Neonate 新生儿 (newborn)

Pan-

All

Pancarditis 全心炎 (inflammation of all the heart)

Para-

Beside, beyond, near

Paranasal 鼻旁的 (near or alongside the nose)

Per-

Through

Percutaneous 经皮的 (through the skin)

Peri-

Around

Pericardial 心包的 (around the heart)

Post-

After

Postpartum 产后 (after birth)

Pre-

Before, in front of

Prefrontal 前额的 (in front of the frontal bone)

Pseudo-

False

Pseudocyesis 假孕 (false pregnancy)

Retro-

Backward, behind

Retrograde 逆行 (movement in a backwards diretion)

Sub-

Below, under 下

Subcutaneous 皮下的

(under, below the skin)

Super-

Above, excess

Supernumerary 额外的 (above the normal number)

Supra-

Above 前

Suprapubic 耻骨前 (above the pubic bone)

Tachy-

Rapid, fast

Tachycardia 心动过速 (fast heartbeat)

Trans-

Through, across

Transurethral 经尿道的 (across the  urethra)

Ultra-

Beyond, excess

Ultrasound 超声 (high-frequency sound waves)

Prefix

Meaning

Example (Definition)

Bi-

Two

Bilateral 双侧 (two sides)

di-

Two

Diplegic 双侧瘫 (paralysis of two extremities四肢)

Hemi-

Half

Hemiplegia 偏瘫 (paralysis of one side of the body

Mono-

One

Monoplegia 单瘫 (paralysis of one extremity)

Multi-

Many

Mutigravida 经产妇 (woman pregnant more than once)

Nulli-

None

Nulligravida 未孕妇 (woman with no pregnancies)

Poly-

Many

Polyuria 多尿 (large amounts of urine)

Quad-

Four

Quadriplegia 四肢瘫痪 (paralysis of all four extremities)

Semi-

Partial, half

Semiconscious 半意识 (partially conscious)

Tri-

Three

Triceps 三头肌 (muscle with three heads)

Uni-

one

Unilateral 单侧 (one side)

Suffix

后缀

Meaning

Example (Definition)

-algia

Pain 疼痛

Gastralgia 胃痛 (stomach pain)

-cele

Hernia 疝,

protrusion 突出

Cystocele 膀胱突出症 (protrusion of the bladder)

-cise

Cut

Excise 切除 (to cut out)

-dynia

Pain

Cardiodynia 心痛 (heart pain)

-ectasis

dilatation 扩张

Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张 (dilated bronchi)

-ectopia

Displacement 异位

Corectopia 瞳孔异位 (pupil of the eye not centered)

--gen

That which produces 致

Mutagen 诱变剂 (that which produces mutations)

-genesis

Produces, generates 生成

Osteogenesis 骨生成 (produces bone)

-genic

Producing

Carcinogenic 致癌的 (producing cancer)

-ia

State, condition状态

Hemiplegia 偏瘫 (condition of being half paralyzed)

-iasis

Abnormal condition

Lithiasis 结石症 (abnormal condition of stones)

-ism

State of

Hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退

(state of low thyroid)

-itis

Imflammation 炎

Cellulitis 蜂窝织炎 (inflammation of cells)

-logist

One who studies 学家

Cardiologist 心脏病学家 (one who studies the heart)

-logy

Study of 学科

Cardiology 心脏病学 (study of the heart)

-lysis

Destruction

Osteolysis 溶骨 (bone destruction)

-malacia

Abnormal softening 软化

Chondromalacia 软骨软化 (abnormal cartilage softening)

-megaly

Enlargement, large 扩大

Cardiomegaly 心脏扩大 (enlarged heart)

-oma

Tumor, mass 癌

Carcinoma 癌 (cancerous tumor)

-osis

Abnormal condition

Cyanosis 发绀 (abnormal condition of being blue)

-pathy

Disease 病

Myopathy 肌病 (muscle disease)

-plasia

Development, growth 发育

Dysplasia 发育不良 (abnormal development)

-plasm

Formation, development

Neoplasm 新生物 (new formation)

-ptosis

Drooping 脱垂

Roctoptosis 直肠脱垂 (drooping rectum)

-rrhage

Excessive, abnormal flow

Hemorrhage 出血 (excessive bleeding)

-rrhea

Discharge, flow 分泌物

Rhinorrhea 鼻溢 (discharge from the nose)

-rrhexis

Rupture 破裂

Hysterorrhexis 子宫破裂 (ruptured uterus)

-sclerosis

Hardening 硬化

Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化 (hardening of an artery)

-stenosis

Narrowing 狭窄

Angiostenosis 血管狭窄 (narrowing of a vessel)

-therapy

Treatment 疗法

Chemotherapy 化疗 (treatment with chemicals)

-trophy

Nourishment,development

Hypertrophy 肥大 (excessive development)

-uria

Condition of the urine 尿

Hematuria 血尿 (blood in the urine)

Suffix

Meaning

Example (Definition)

-centesis

Puncture to withdraw fluid 穿刺术

Anthrocentesis (puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint)

-ectomy

Surgical removal 切除术

Gastrectomy 胃切除术 (surgically remove the stomach)

-ostomy

Surgically create an opening 造口术

Colostomy 结肠造口术 (surgically create an opening for the colon through the  abdominal wall)

-otomy

Cutting into 切开术

Thoracotomy 胸廓切开术

(cutting into the chest)

-pexy

Surgical fixation 固定术

Nephropexy 肾固定术 (surgical fixation of a kidney)

-plasty

Surgical repair 整形术

Dermatoplasty 植皮术 (surgical repair of the skin)

-rrhaphy

suture 缝合

Myorrhaphy 肌缝合术 (suture together muscle)

Suffix

Meaning

Example (Definition)

-gram

Record or picture 图

Electrocardiogram 心电图 (record of heart’s electricity)

-graph

Instrument for recording 记录仪

Electrocardiograph 心电图仪 (instrument for recording the heart’s electrical  activity)

-graphy

Process of recording 方法

Electrocardiography 心电图描记法

(process of recording the heart’s electrical activity)

-Meter

Instrument for measuring 测定仪

Audiometer 听度计 (instrument to measure hearing)

-metry

Process of measuring 测定

Audiometry 听力测定

 (process of  measuring hearing)

-scope

Instrument for viewing 镜

Gastroscope 胃镜 (instrument to view stomach)

-scopy

Process of visually examining

Gastroscopy 胃镜检查法 (process of visually examining the stomach)