十三届全国人大五次会议收到代表议案487件

从十三届全国人大五次会议秘书处获悉，到大会主席团决定的代表提出议案截止时间3月8日12时，大会秘书处共收到代表提出的议案487件。此外，目前收到代表对各方面工作提出的建议、批评和意见约8000件。

 

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Deputies to the 13th National People's Congress (NPC), China's national legislature, submitted 487 proposals as of the deadline at noon Tuesday.

来自十三届全国人大五次会议秘书处的消息，截止到提出议案截止时间3月8日12时，大会秘书处共收到代表提出的议案487件。

 

The session secretariat said it had also received around 8,000 suggestions, criticisms and comments from NPC deputies.

此外，还收到代表对各方面工作提出的建议、批评和意见约8000件。

 

The majority of the proposals are about speeding up legislation on energy, the digital economy, pre-school education, elderly care and protecting women's rights and interests.

今年代表提出的议案绝大多数为法律案，包括制定能源法以及数字经济、学前教育、养老服务、妇女权益保障法等法律的议案。

 

National lawmakers also made suggestions about promoting rural revitalization, boosting the sound development of the digital economy and fighting against abducting and trafficking women and children.

代表建议关注比较多的问题包括巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、推动数字经济平稳健康发展、严厉打击拐卖妇女儿童违法犯罪行为等。

 

2022年，将继续多措并举促消费

商务部表示，今年将千方百计推动消费持续恢复和升级，增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用。

 

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China's retail sales of consumer goods posted only a 1.7-percent growth year on year in December 2021 as the whole year's retail sales rose 12.5 percent, indicating a pressure of demand contraction, Commerce Minister Wang Wentao told a press conference.

去年，社会消费品零售总额增长12.5%；其中去年12月份，社会消费品零售总额同比增长1.7%。这显示下行的压力在增大。商务部部长王文涛在发布会上表示。

 

To cope with the situation, the ministry will secure the implementation of existing supporting policies for enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises in sectors including catering, hotel and retail sales.

对于如何发力促进消费稳定恢复，商务部表示，将抓好政策落实。餐饮、住宿，还有零售，对这些行业特别是中小微企业提出了纾困帮扶政策，首要的就是把这些纾困帮扶的政策落实到位。

 

The ministry will help conduct more sales-promoting activities under sound COVID-19 control, such as shopping festivals and the China International Consumer Products Expo as well as snow-ice consumption as the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics brought passion to the sector.

今年，商务部门将在做好疫情防控的前提下，继续组织开展系列促消费活动。比如各种消费节和消博会。同时，借助北京冬奥会巨大成功所带来的“冰雪热”、冰雪消费，组织形式多样的冰雪主题消费促进活动。

 

The consumption platforms will also be upgraded, establishing smart and green business districts and pedestrian streets to meet consumers' needs, said the minister.

打造消费升级平台。进一步推进步行街高质量发展，开展智慧商圈等的示范创建。发展绿色健康消费，更好满足人民对美好生活的需要。

人民银行向中央财政上缴结存利润超1万亿元

中国人民银行今年依法向中央财政上缴结存利润，总额超过1万亿元（约合1583亿美元）。

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China's central bank plans to turn over more than 1 trillion yuan (about 158.3 billion U.S. dollars) in surplus profits to the country's central budget in 2022 to support enterprises, stabilize employment and ensure people's well-being.

今年中国人民银行依法向中央财政上缴总额超过1万亿元的结存利润,以支持助企纾困、稳就业保民生。

The funds will mainly be used to facilitate VAT credit refunds and increase the central government's transfer payments to local governments, according to an online statement from the People's Bank of China.

根据中国人民银行发布的消息，这笔资金主要用于留抵退税和增加对地方转移支付。

The profits are mainly from the operating income on foreign-exchange reserves over the past few years, and will not increase taxes or the burden on market entities, nor will it lead to fiscal deficits.

人民银行结存利润主要来自过去几年的外汇储备经营收益，不会增加税收或经济主体负担，也不是财政赤字。

The profits will be turned over in a balanced manner on a monthly basis, said the central bank, noting that the plan reflects the synergy between monetary and fiscal policies in stabilizing the macro economy. ■

结存利润按月均衡上缴，人民银行资产负债表规模保持稳定，体现了货币政策与财政政策的协调联动，共同发力稳定宏观经济大盘。

最高检：

最高人民检察院第九检察厅厅长那艳芳3月7日在新闻发布会上表示，最高检积极履行公益诉讼检察职责，依法保护未成年人合法权益（the lawful rights and interests of minors）。

 

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Prosecutors across the country opened 6,633 public interest cases concerning the protection of underage people in 2021, SPP prosecutor Na Yanfang said at a press conference. That is 4.2 times the figure seen in 2020, or 3.3 times the total seen between 2018 and 2019.

2021年，全国检察机关未成年人保护公益诉讼立案6633件，是2020年的4.2倍，是2018、2019两年总和的3.3倍。

 

While less than 30 percent of the cases are traditional, mainly concerning food and drug security, more than 70 percent are new types of cases involving tobacco or liquor sales, online gaming, facility security, on-demand cinemas and e-sports hotels, the SPP said.

其中，食品药品安全等传统领域公益诉讼案件占比不足30%，新类型公益诉讼案件占比超70%，涉及向未成年人销售烟酒、网络游戏、未成年人活动场所和设施安全、点播影院、电竞酒店等新兴业态治理。

拜登宣布美国对俄能源禁运

当地时间3月8日，美国白宫在其网站上发表声明，称美国总统拜登正式签署了禁止美国从俄罗斯进口能源的行政令。

 

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US President Joe Biden on Tuesday announced the imposition of an energy embargo on Russia, banning US imports of oil, liquefied natural gas and coal from Russia over its ongoing military operations in Ukraine.

美国总统拜登3月8日宣布，美国将对俄罗斯实施能源禁运，停止从俄进口石油、天然气和煤炭。

 

"This means Russian oil will no longer be acceptable to US ports," the president said in remarks delivered from the White House.

拜登当天在白宫发表讲话时表示，这意味着美国港口将不再接受俄罗斯的石油。

 

拜登说，此举能破坏俄罗斯在乌克兰维持军事行动的能力，但他同时也承认，对俄能源禁运将导致美国国内汽油价格继续上涨。

财政部:今年房地产税不扩大试点

财政部有关负责人表示，今年房地产税不扩大试点。 

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China's finance ministry has said there are no suitable conditions this year to expand the country's list of pilot cities for real estate tax reform.

中国财政部表示，今年内不具备扩大房地产税改革试点城市的条件。

财政部有关负责人就有关房地产税改革试点问题接受采访时表示，这一决定是综合考虑各方面的情况后做出的。

The program was implemented with the authorization of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and investigations and preliminary studies have been carried out in some cities, the official said.

房地产税改革试点依照全国人大常委会的授权进行，一些城市开展了调查摸底和初步研究。

我国着力推进农业转移人口市民化

根据国家发展改革委近日印发的《2022年新型城镇化和城乡融合发展重点任务》，今年我国将着力推进农业转移人口市民化。

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In deepening reform of the household registration system, cities with a permanent resident population under 3 million should remove all limits on household registration, according to the plan released by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC).

根据重点任务，今年将持续深化户籍制度改革。城区常住人口300万以下城市落实全面取消落户限制政策。

The renovation of old urban communities will be accelerated, as the country aims to improve the basic living conditions of 8.4 million households in 2022, according to the plan.

根据重点任务，要加快改造城镇老旧小区，力争改善840万户居民基本居住条件。

The supply of government-subsidized housing will be increased, with a focus on addressing the concerns of new arrivals and young people in big cities, the plan says.

根据重点任务，以人口净流入的大城市为重点，扩大保障性租赁住房供给，着力解决符合条件的新市民、青年人等群体住房困难问题。

China's urbanization rate of permanent residence hit 64.72 percent in 2021, said the NDRC. The country aims to raise its urbanization rate to 65 percent during the 2021-2025 period, according to the 14th Five-Year Plan.

国家发展改革委有关负责人说，2021年我国常住人口城镇化率达到64.72%。根据“十四五”规划，预计2025年常住人口城镇化率可达65%以上。

新版新冠诊疗方案公布

《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案（试行第九版）》于3月15日公布。

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People with mild COVID-19 infections will be placed in centralized isolation, rather than in designated hospitals, according to the latest version of the national diagnosis and treatment guideline released by the National Health Commission on Tuesday evening. The change is in response to the majority of cases involving the dominant Omicron strain being asymptomatic or only showing mild symptoms. As most do not need much treatment, admitting those with mild cases to designated hospitals will take up medical resources unnecessarily, the commission said in a statement explaining the new guideline.

国家卫健委发布的最新版诊疗方案称，轻型病例先实行集中隔离管理。这是根据各地反映的“奥密克戎变异毒株患者以无症状感染者和轻型病例为主，大多不需要过多治疗，全部收治到定点医院会占用大量医疗资源”等意见做出的调整。

To prevent cross infection, the guideline stressed that centralized quarantine facilities for mild cases should not take in overseas travelers and close contacts at the same time.

轻型病例相关集中隔离场所不能同时隔离入境人员、密切接触者等人群。

"Those with mild infections will be given therapies and monitored during isolation," it said. "If their condition worsens, they will be transferred to designated hospitals for further treatment."

轻型病例隔离管理期间应做好对症治疗和病情监测，如病情加重，应转至定点医院治疗。

Another change is a shortening of the isolation period for recovered patients.

新版诊疗方案还调整了康复患者的隔离时间。

Instead of 14 days in isolation, after being discharged from hospital, patients only need monitor their health condition at home for seven days.

将“出院后继续进行14天隔离管理和健康状况监测”修改为“解除隔离管理或出院后继续进行7天居家健康监测”。

In addition, two COVID-19 drugs approved recently by the national drug regulator have been added to the new guideline.They are Paxlovid, an antiviral medication developed by United States-based Pfizer, and a monoclonal antibody developed domestically.

另外，将国家药监局批准的两种特异性抗新冠病毒药物写入诊疗方案，即：美国辉瑞公司开发的抗病毒药——PF-07321332/利托那韦片（Paxlovid）和国产单克隆抗体（安巴韦单抗/罗米司韦单抗注射液）。

十部门启动百万就业见习岗位募集计划

近日，十部门3月16日发布通知，部署启动实施百万就业见习岗位募集计划，帮助青年提升就业能力。

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China will provide job seekers with no fewer than 1 million internship openings this year to help them find employment as soon as possible, authorities said on Wednesday. 

人社部、教育部等十部门3月16日发布通知，部署启动实施百万就业见习岗位募集计划，帮助青年提升就业能力。

The openings will be arranged with concerted efforts from the government and various sectors, and the campaign will strive for the participation of employers, college graduates and unemployed young people, according to a circular released by 10 government organs, including the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Ministry of Education.

通知提出，充分发挥政府有关部门、社会各方面力量，力争把有意愿的用人单位、高校毕业生和失业青年都组织到见习活动中。

Internship providers should pay for their interns' basic living expenses and any other fees incurred in their management and tutoring, the circular said.

见习期间，由见习单位为见习人员提供基本生活费，并承担见习人员的指导管理费用。

These providers will receive subsidies, and those with a retention rate higher than 50 percent after the end of the internship period will receive more subsidies.

对吸纳见习的单位，按规定给予就业见习补贴。对见习期满留用率达到50%以上的见习单位，可适当提高见习补贴标准。

我国建成公共法律服务中心约57万个

司法部表示，我国现已建成省、市、县、乡、村五级公共法律服务中心（工作站、工作室）（public legal service centers）约57万个，提供法律咨询、法律援助、调解（legal consulting, legal aid, and mediation）等各类服务。

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In 2021, volunteer lawyers with a national volunteer campaign on legal aid handled more than 5,000 legal assistance cases, accepted over 74,800 legal consulting requests, and delivered 1,010 lectures promoting the rule of law. They also helped resolve over 1,400 disputes, data from the ministry showed.

司法部数据显示，2021年，“1+1”中国法律援助志愿者行动志愿律师共办理各类法律援助案件5000余件，接待法律咨询74800余人次，开展法治宣传讲座1010场次，化解矛盾纠纷1400余起。

Since the law on legal aid went into effect on Jan. 1, legal assistance agencies nationwide have been implementing the law as procedures were streamlined for people to get easier access to legal assistance.

今年1月1日起，法律援助法正式施行。各地法律援助机构认真落实法律援助法，简化程序和手续，保障群众更便利地获得法律援助。

地下水超采综合治理取得成效

近年来我国地下水超采综合治理和生态补水工作取得成效。

 

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The overexploitation of groundwater has been eased in China in recent years amid the country's efforts to reduce exploitation and increase water replenishment, the Ministry of Water Resources said.

水利部表示，近年来我国地下水超采综合治理和生态补水工作取得成效。

 

In 2020, the country extracted 89.25 billion cubic meters of groundwater, down 24.2 billion cubic meters from 2012, data from the ministry showed.

统计显示，2020年我国地下水开采总量为892.5亿立方米，较2012年减少约242亿立方米。

 

At the end of 2021, the overall level of shallow groundwater in the controlled area of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region rose 1.89 meters from the same period in 2018, while that of deep confined water climbed 4.65 meters on average.

2021年12月底，京津冀治理区浅层地下水水位较2018年同期总体回升1.89米；深层承压水水位平均上升4.65米。

 

Nearly 8 billion cubic meters of groundwater had been replenished by rivers and lakes as of 2021, the ministry said.

经测算，通过河湖生态补水累计入渗回补地下水近80亿立方米。

 

民航局开展行业安全大检查

东航一架客机日前不幸发生坠机事故，民航局下发通知，要求立即开展行业安全大检查。

 

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China's civil aviation regulator on Tuesday urged the immediate launch of a two-week-long safety overhaul of the civil aviation sector after a passenger plane crashed in China the day before. In addition to previous safety supervision and guidance, the safety overhaul aims to further strengthen the investigation of hidden dangers in the civil aviation sector to ensure the absolute safety of aviation operations and people's lives, the Civil Aviation Administration of China said in a circular.

民航局3月22日下发通知，要求在前期行业安全督导工作的基础上，立即开展为期2周的行业安全大检查，旨在加强民用航空领域安全隐患排查，确保航空运行绝对安全，确保人民生命绝对安全。

 

The overhaul covers all regional air-traffic management bureaus, companies involved in civil aviation transport and general aviation, service providers, airport operators and flight training organizations, among other sectors.

此次安全大检查的范围包括各地区空管局、运输（通用）航空公司、服务保障公司、机场公司、飞行训练机构等。

 

No survivors have been found so far after a China Eastern Airlines plane with 132 people aboard crashed in South China's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.

3月21日，东航一架客机在广西坠毁，机上人员共132人。到目前为止，尚未发现幸存人员。

中国科学家诱导出“最年轻”人类全能干细胞

近日，来自中国科学院、深圳华大生命科学研究院等研究团队，通过体细胞诱导培养出了类似受精卵发育3天状态的人类全能干细胞。这是继科学家成功诱导出人类多能干细胞后，再生医学领域的又一重大突破。

 

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An international team led by Chinese scientists has successfully produced the youngest human cells in vitro, which may pave the way for advances in organ regeneration.

一个由中国科学家领衔的国际研究团队成功在体外培养出全球“最年轻”的人类细胞，该成果将助力实现未来人体器官的体外再生。

 

The study published Tuesday in the journal Nature announced the discovery of a rapid, controllable method to convert stem cells into bona fide 8-cell embryo-like cells, without relying on genetic engineering.

研究者们开发了一种非转基因、快速且可控的方法，能够将人的干细胞转化为全能性的8细胞期胚胎样细胞。相关研究成果于北京时间3月22日凌晨在国际学术期刊《自然》（Nature）上发表。

 

A team of researchers from China, Britain and Bangladesh converted pluripotent stem cells, or an "adult" version of early embryonic cells, back to a more "juvenile" version of cells with developmental potential, tantamount to fertilized eggs in their Day 3 developmental stage.

由中国、英国和孟加拉国的科学家组成的研究团队将人类多能干细胞，即“成年”版本的早期胚胎细胞，转化成具有发育潜力的、更“年轻”的干细胞 ，即相当于受精卵发育3天状态的全能干细胞。

 

中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究院的李文娟博士表示，这些全能性的8细胞期胚胎样细胞重建了受精卵仅分裂3次后的胚胎状态，这是迄今为止在体外诱导获得的“最年轻”的人类细胞。

 

Cells described as "totipotent" mean that they have the potential to create all types of cells within embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues, according to the researchers.

据介绍，全能性细胞意味着它们有潜力分化出胚胎和胚胎外组织中所有类型的细胞。 

 

李文娟博士说，这种细胞可以分化为胎盘组织（placental tissue），并可能发育为更成熟的各类身体组织（ mature organ）。

 

该研究已通过伦理审查（ethical review）。

海南发现8个大型真菌新物种

中国科学家在海南热带雨林国家公园发现了8个大型真菌新物种。

 

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Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences have discovered eight new macrofungi species in south China's island province of Hainan.

中国热带农业科学院的研究团队在海南发现了8个大型真菌新物种。

 

这8个大型真菌新物种分别命名为海南炭团菌（Hypoxylon hainanense）、五指山炭团菌（Hypoxylon wuzhishanense）、尖峰岭炭团菌（Hypoxylon jianfengense）、茧孢炭团菌（Hypoxylon chrysalidosporum）、青冈炭团菌（Hypoxylon cyclobalanopsidis）、雪香兰叶生炭角菌（Xylaria hedyosmicola）、海南山胡椒叶生炭角菌（Xylaria lindericola）和海南大头茶叶生炭角菌（Xylaria polysporicola）。

 

The fungi, found in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, belong to the Xylaria genus, which can decompose cellulose and lignin and play an important decomposition role in the tropical rainforest ecosystem, said Ma Haixia, head of the research team.

该研究团队的负责人马海霞博士称，这些在海南热带雨林国家公园发现的真菌新物种都属于子囊菌门炭角菌目，能够分解纤维素和木质素，作为分解者在热带雨林生态循环系统中发挥重要作用。

 

2016年以来，马海霞带领团队成员先后50多次赴海南热带雨林国家公园，对各雨林保护区的大型真菌资源进行调查。

 

相关研究成果已经发表在《Mycokeys》等国际生物分类学权威期刊上。

 

我国人均睡眠时长十年缩短近1.5小时

最近发布的一份报告显示，过去10年国人的入睡时间晚了两个多小时，睡眠时长减少90分钟。

 

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The average Chinese person is getting around 90 minutes less sleep a day than 10 years ago, with the duration falling from 8.5 hours in 2012 to just over seven hours last year, according to a report released ahead of World Sleep Day on Monday.

3月21日是世界睡眠日。在此之前，《中国睡眠研究报告（2022）》发布。该报告显示，国人睡眠平均时长从2012年的8.5小时缩减到2021年的7.06小时，平均睡眠时长减少1.5小时。

 

The report said Chinese people went to bed at around 12:33 am last year, more than two hours later than a decade ago.

报告称，2021年，国人入睡时间是00:33，比10年前晚了两个多小时。

 

由中国社会科学院社会研究学所联合喜临门睡眠研究院发布的这份报告显示，中国人睡眠时长正在缩短，平均睡眠质量（ average sleep quality）也在下降。

 

这份报告的调查样本为18~71岁成年人，最终获得有效样本逾6000个。

 

More than 60 percent of respondents had less than eight hours of sleep a day, with new mothers, college students and office workers having more trouble sleeping.

超六成受访者睡眠不足8小时，新手妈妈、大学生、职场人士的睡眠问题尤为突出。

 

Surfing the internet, long work or study hours, and sleep disorders such as sleeplessness are major factors affecting sleep hours, according to the report.

报告称，影响唾眠时长的因素分别是：看手机或上网导致睡眠拖延，工作或学习时长挤占了睡眠时间，以及失眠等唾眠障碍的影响。 

 

上周，中国睡眠研究会也发布了一份睡眠白皮书，分析了中国不同群体的睡眠状态（ the sleep conditions of different groups）。

 

It said that more than 60 percent of teenagers use smartphones, play games and watch TV series when they should be sleeping.

白皮书显示，超六成青少年压缩睡眠时间来玩手机、打游戏和追剧。

 

这份白皮书还调查了8类收入群体的不同睡眠状态。结果显示，无收入的群体睡眠分数最高，其次是年收入在30万至50万之间的中高收入群体。