刑法的基本原则（General Principles of Criminal Law），是指刑法明文规定的、在全部刑事立法和司法活动中应当遵循的准则。中华人民共和国刑法规定的基本原则有三个：

①罪刑法定原则。即“法律没有明文规定为犯罪的，不得定罪处罚。法律明文规定为犯罪行为的，依照法律规定处罚。

②平等适用刑罚原则。即法律面前人人平等，定罪平等、量刑平等、行刑平等。对任何人犯罪，在适用法律上一律平等。不允许任何人有超越法律的特权。

③罪责刑相适应原则。即罪刑均衡、罪刑相当。刑罚的轻重，应当与犯罪分子所犯罪行和承担的刑事责任相适应。

对应参考双语例句：

①These principles are also enshrined in the CCM, which article 1, on the principle of legality, explicitly entails (a) the principle of nullum crimen sine lege, nulla poena sine lege in its both aspects of ex post fact prohibition: no fact, either by action or by omission, may be deemed to constitute a criminal offence unless provided for and punished by a preexisting law; and no security measure shall be applied to cases of perilousness, unless its conditions were determined by law previous to its fulfilment, as well as (b) its corollary principle, i.e., the prohibition of using analogy to qualify an act as criminal, to define a case of perilousness, or to determine a penalty or a corresponding security measure.

其第1 条明确限制罪刑法定原则 ，事实可受 刑事处罚，以作出事实之时，其之前之法律已叙述该事实且表明其为可科刑者为 限；事实可受刑事处罚，以作出事实之时，其之前之法律已叙述该事实且表明其 为可科刑者为限；不容许以类推将一事实定为犯罪或订定一危险性状态，亦不容许以类推确定与一犯罪或危险性状态相应之刑罚或保安处分。

②These are the right of the individual to life, liberty, security of the person and enjoyment of property and the right not to be deprived thereof except by due process of law; the right of equality before the law and the protection of the law; the right of respect for private and family life; the right of equality of treatment from any public authority in the exercise of any functions; the right to join political parties and to express political views; the right of a parent or guardian to access a school of his own choice for the education of his child or ward; freedom of movement; freedom of conscience and religious belief and observance; freedom of thought and expression; freedom of association and assembly; and freedom of the press.

这些权利包 括：个人的生命权、人身自由与安全权和享有财产权，以及除了通过正当法律程 序之外，这些权利不得被剥夺的权利 ；法律面前人人平等 和 受 法律保护的权利； 尊重私人生活和家庭生活的权利；在公共权力机构行使职能时获得平等待遇的权 利；参加政治党派、发表政治观点的权利；父母或监护人访问为子女或受监护人的教育自己选定的学校的权利；行动自由；良知自由和宗教信仰与实践自由；思 想和言论自由；结社和集会自由；以及新闻自由。

③International human rights standards provide that the severity of penalties must not be disproportionate to the criminal offence and that imprisonment should be used as a penalty of last resort.

国际人权标准规定，刑罚的严重程度必须与刑事犯罪相当，并且应当把监禁用做最后一种手段的惩罚。