违令作战消极罪，是指指挥人员违抗命令（disobeys an order），临阵脱逃（flinches from the battlefield），作战消极（fights inactively），造成严重后果的行为。

《刑法》第428条规定：

指挥人员违抗命令，临阵脱逃，作战消极，造成严重后果的，处五年以下有期徒刑；致使战斗、战役遭受重大损失或者有其他特别严重情节的，处五年以上有期徒刑。

A person in command who disobeys an order, flinches from the battlefield and fights inactively, shall be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years if a serious result is caused and; if a serious loss t a battle or campaign is caused or any other especially serious circumstance exists, to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

《刑法》第449条规定：

在战时，对被判处三年以下有期徒刑没有现实危险宣告缓刑的犯罪军人，允许其戴罪立功，确有立功表现时，可以撤销原判刑罚，不以犯罪论处。

A serviceman who, during wartime, commits a crime and is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years with a reprieve pronounced may, in consideration of the absence of actual danger from him, be allowed to atone for his crime by performing meritorious deeds. Should he truly perform meritorious deeds, the original sentence may be rescinded, and he shall not be sentenced as a criminal.

《刑法》第450条规定：

本章适用于中国人民解放军的现役军官、文职干部、士兵及具有军籍的学员和中国人民武装警察部队的现役警官、文职干部、士兵及具有军籍的学员以及文职人员、执行军事任务的预备役人员和其他人员。

This Chapter applies to the officers, nonmilitary cadres, soldiers on active duties and the students with military status of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. And the officers, nonmilitary cadres, soldiers on active duties and the students with military status of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, and the persons on reverse service and other persons who perform military tasks.

《刑法》第451条规定：

本章所称战时，是指国家宣布进入战争状态、部队受领作战任务或者遭敌突然袭击时。

In this Chapter wartime means the period within the state announces a war, the army receives tasks of battle or suffers a sudden attack.

《刑法》第451条第2款规定：

部队执行戒严任务或者处置突发性暴力事件时，以战时论。

The period when the army enforced tasks of martial law or disposes emergent violent incidents shall be regarded as wartime.

【拓展】违令作战消极罪与临阵脱逃罪的区别：

一，两罪的主体不同，此罪的主体只能是指挥人员，临阵脱逃罪的主体是军人。

二，两罪的行为不同，此罪是消极作战的行为，临阵脱逃罪则是临阵逃离自己岗位的行为。