1、joint liability 共同责任

由两人或者两人以上共同承担的责任，若其中一人被起诉，则其可要求其余人必 须作为共同被告应诉;若其中一人死亡，则其责任由其他生存者承担，应翻译为 共同责任，与大陆法系的不真正连带有所类似，但不完全相同。

2、several liability 单独责任

是指两人或多人对原告的请求各自承担的责任，应翻译为单独责任。

3、joint and several liability 连带责任。

连带责任亦称“连带债务”。“民事责任”的一种。指数个债务人就同一债务各负全部给付的一种责任形式。即债权人可对债务人中的一人，数人或全体，同时或先后请求全部或部分给付的一种债务形式。如合伙债务的债权人，对于合伙成员的一人、数人或全体，均可请求其同时或先后，部分或全部地清偿合伙债务。

参考双语例句

The Administration would move a Committee Stage amendment ("CSA") to the Bill to the effect that non-defaulting partners of an LLP would only be exempted from joint and several liability under the Partnership Ordinance (Cap. 38) that arose from default committed by another person in the LLP in the course of the LLP's provision of professional services as a law firm.：

政府当局将对条例草桉动议委员会审议阶段修正桉(下称"修正桉")，订明有限责任合伙的非失责合伙人只会获豁免下述法律责任：有限责任合伙中的另一人于该合伙以律师行身份提供专业服务的过程中作出失责行为所引致的《合伙条例》(第38章)下的共同及个别法律责任。

Before 1 July this year, the Government should submit proposals on the development of the health-care system with respect to the implementation of the mechanisms for joint liability of citizens.今年7月1日之前，政府应就医疗保健制度的发展提出建议，说明如何实施公民共同责任机制。

The partners have unlimited joint liability for any business debts or obligations of the partnership to the extent of their own assets.

合伙人以各自的资产对 合伙 形式的任何债务或者义务负有无限共同责任。

from the policy perspective, the only principal difference between the DP provisions and the requirements on supervising partners is that the former imposes joint and several liability on the DP (after the client has established that there is default on the part of the LLP) while the latter requires the client to prove liability at common law and/or breach of the requirements of other relevant sections in the Bill on the part of the supervising partner for him to be liable to the client personally.

从政策角度来看，指定合伙人条文与监督合伙人规 定的唯一主要分别，在于前者订明当事人证明有限 法律责任合伙有失责行为后，指定合伙人负有共同 和个别的法律责任，而后者则规定当事人须证明， 监督合伙人因普通法所定的法律责任及／或违反 条例草桉其他相关条文的规定，而须向当事人负上 个人法律责任。