法律中的债权人代位权和债权人撤销权

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债权人代位权(Creditor's Subrogation):是债的保全制度的一种。所谓代位权是指因债务人怠于行使其到期债权,对债权人造成损害的,债权人可以向人民法院请求以自己的名义代位行使债务人的债权的权利。我国的代位权制度中,可代位行使的权利仅限于到期债权,不包括其他权利。

债权人代位权属于债权的对外效力,突破了债的相对性,涉及第三人的权利。代位权是债权的一种法定权能。无论当事人是否约定,债权人都享受此权利。


债权人撤销权(Right of rescission):是指当债务人无偿处分或者以不合理的对价交易导致其财产权益减少或责任财产负担不当加重,对债权人的债权实现有影响时,债权人可以请求人民法院撤销债务人所实施的前述不合理价格交易行为的一项民事权利。

债权人撤销权源于罗马法的保罗诉权,为保罗所创。后世各国法对罗马法上的撤销权制度的继受一般是两方面的。一方面在破产法上规定债权人的撤销权;另一方面又规定在破产外债权人的撤销权。


相关法律法规:

《合同法》第七十四条:

因债务人放弃其到期债权或者无偿转让财产,对债权人造成损害的,债权人可以请求人民法院撤销债务人的行为。债务人以明显不合理的低价转让财产,对债权人造成损害,并且受让人知道该情形的,债权人也可以请求人民法院撤销债务人的行为。

撤销权的行使范围以债权人的债权为限。债权人行使撤销权的必要费用,由债务人负担。

《民法典》第五百四十一条:

撤销权自债权人知道或者应当知道撤销事由之日起一年内行使。自债务人的行为发生之日起五年内没有行使撤销权的,该撤销权消灭。

The right to revocation shall be exercised within one year from the date on which the creditor knows or should have known the cause for the revocation. The right to revocation shall be extinguished where a creditor does not exercise such right within five years since the date on which the act of the debtor occurs.


参考双语例句:

The Working Group may also wish to note that the commentary will clarify that: (a) in the case of an assignment, subrogation or subordination, the registered notice may be amended to indicate the identifier and address of the new secured creditor, but a notice not so amended remains effective (see recommendation 75); (b) “amendment” means the change and the result of the change of the information in a notice entered in the registry record; and (c) an amendment is made with an “amendment notice”.

工作组还似宜注意到,评注将澄清:(a)对于转让、代位权或排序居次,可以对已登记通知加以修订,以便指明新的有担保债权人的身份识别特征和地址,但并未照此修订的通知仍然有效(见建议75);(b)“修订”系指修改输入登记处记录中通知的信息以及修改的结果;及(c)使用“修订通知”所作的修订。

Questions of contract law not dealt with in these Principles such as consumer protection, incapacity, authority of an agent, set-off, assignment of other rights than intellectual property rights, legal subrogation, multitude of debtors and compensation between them as well as obligations arising from pre-contractual relationships shall be governed by the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law of the forum State.

本通则未规定之契约法问题,诸如消费者保护、欠缺行为能力、代理人之权限、抵销、非属智慧财產权之其他权利之让与、代位权、多数债务人及其内部之求偿、与因先契约关係而生之债,应依法院地国之国际私法,定其应适用之法律。

发布于 2022-10-30 21:42:51
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