Day 42 defendant在法律英语中的含义及用法

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defendant在法律英语中常译为“被告”,“被告人”。在中国的法律规定中,被称为“被告”的行为主体是民事诉讼和行政诉讼中的自然人和法人或单位;刑事案件中被控告的人,法律上规范的叫法为“被告人”

 

“原告”“被告”是法律中的基本术语,虽然在中文中统称“原告”“被告”,在英文中不同的场合,“原告”“被告”的表达却不尽相同。此处作简单说明:

 

defendant, respondent, defender libel(l)ee 等均可指被告。

defendant为通用语,可用于一般民事或刑事案件的初审中,与其相对的原告为plaintiff;

respondent用于上诉包审及申请获得特别命令或离婚、遗嘱验证等衡平法案件中,与其相对的原告(或上诉人)appellant, petitioner, applicant;

defender则是苏格兰专门用语,与其相对的原告为pursuer;

libel(l)ee则专指海事或离婚案件的被告,与其相对的原告为libel(I)ant

 

In addition to granting immunity, prosecutors often negotiate a plea agreement with a defendant to induce that defendant’s cooperation by dismissing one or more of the charges, and/or by recommending that the defendant receive a lower sentence in exchange for his/her cooperation.

【参考译文】除了授予豁免权外,检察官常常与被告达成认罪求情协议,通过取消一项或多项指控诱导被告合作,和/或建议被告通过合作换取较短的刑期。

 

The prosecution cannot use it as evidence against the defendant, and what may be a very important part of its case against him is lost.

【参考译文】控方不得将供认用作针对被告人的证据,而可是控方用以针对被告人的部分 极其重要案情便失掉了。

 

The Committee recommends that, as part of its harmonization of federal antidiscrimination laws, the Racial Discrimination Act be amended, as far as civil proceedings are concerned, to require the complainant to prove prima facie discrimination, at which point the burden shifts to the respondent to prove no discrimination existed.

【参考译文】委员会建议就民事诉讼程序而言,修改《种族歧视法》,以此作为使联邦反歧视 法统一协调程序的一部分,该条要求申诉者证明能从初步的事实便可看出的歧视,在这一点上,举证责任应转向被告,应由后者证明不存在歧视。

 

 

 

参考

《英汉法律用语大辞典》(第2版)

《法律英语核心术语:实务基础》(屈文生)

https://www.linguee.com/english-chinese/search?source=auto&query=defendant

https://www.linguee.com/english-chinese/search?source=auto&query=respondent

发布于 2020-07-10 14:22:55
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