第十九条　八周岁以上的未成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认，但是可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其年龄、智力相适应的民事法律行为。

第二十条　不满八周岁的未成年人为无民事行为能力人，由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。

第二十一条　不能辨认自己行为的成年人为无民事行为能力人，由其法定代理人代理实施民事法律行为。八周岁以上的未成年人不能辨认自己行为的，适用前款规定。

第二十二条　不能完全辨认自己行为的成年人为限制民事行为能力人，实施民事法律行为由其法定代理人代理或者经其法定代理人同意、追认，但是可以独立实施纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其智力、精神健康状况相适应的民事法律行为。

第二十三条　无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人的监护人是其法定代理人。

Article 19 A minor aged 8 or older has limited civil capacity and may conduct juridical acts only through his legal representative or through obtaining consent or ratification from the latter, except that such a minor may independently conduct juridical acts that are solely beneficial to the minor or other juridical acts appropriate to the age and intelligence of the minor.

Article 20 A minor aged under 8 has no civil capacity and may conduct juridical acts only through his legal representative.     

Article 21 An adult who is unable to comprehend his own conduct has no civil capacity and may conduct juridical acts only through his legal representative. The preceding paragraph shall apply to a minor aged 8 older who is unable to comprehend his own conduct.

Article 22 An adult who is unable fully comprehend his own conduct has limited capacity and may conduct juridical acts only through his legal representative or through obtaining consent or ratification from the latter, except that such an adult may independently conduct juridical acts appropriate to the intelligence and mental status of such adult.

Article 23 The guardian of a person with no or limited civil capacity is the legal representative of such person.

此部分要点有四：①法定代理人②追认③④成年人⑤监护人。

1.“法定代理人”。该词翻译为legal representative和 legal agent都很常见，个人认为前者更好。另外，legal representative针对法人而言，有“法定代表人”之意。有趣的是，某版本竟将改词译为agent ad litem,该词是拉丁语，意思是“诉讼代理人”，实不可饶恕。

2.“追认”。使用ratification一词很是准确，改词词典解释如下：

Ratification    

n. confirmation of an action which was not pre-approved and may not have been authorized, usually by a principal (employer) who adopts the acts ofhis/her agent (employee)。

3.“辨认（自己行为）”。争议很大。Comprehend, account for, capable of discretion in, perceiving the nature of莫衷一是，个人认为,“辨认”至少包含对行为性质、后果的理解，comprehend更佳。

4.“成年人”。译文将“未成年人”译为minor，成年人对应为major，译者使用adult不妥。

5.“监护人”。翻译为guardian准确。改词为法律术语，辞典解释含义为 One who is legally responsible for the care and management of the person or property of an incompetent or minor.

legal representative

legal agent

agent ad litem

ratification

Comprehend

account for

discretion

perceive the nature of

guardian