Day 77 lawful在法律英语中的含义及用法

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lawful a. 合法的;依法的;法定的


lawful —词为形容词,意为“合法的“、“依法的”、“法定 的”。该词语比较常见,可以和其他词语组成词组。如:lawful interest是指"合法利息",lawful holder是指“合法持票人”或“合法持有人”,lawful heirs指的是“合法继承人”。


例 Party shall contribute the RMB equivalent of two million (2,000,000) US Dollars in cash to the JV Company, accounting for 20% of the registered capital of the JV Company, provided, however, that Party B will provide evidence proving the lawful source of its RMB contribution.

【参考译文】乙方向合营公司出资相当于二百万美元的人民币现金,占合营公司注册资本的 20%,但乙方必须提供其人民币合法来源的证明。


例 Insofar as a countermeasure is taken in accordance with the substantive and procedural conditions set forth in those articles, the countermeasure is lawful and represents a circumstance that precludes wrongfulness of an act that, but for the fact that it is a countermeasure, would have been wrongful.

【参考译文】只要采取的反措施是按照条款中规定的实质性和程序性条件采取的,就是合法的,并且是一种排除了行为不法性的情况,如果不是一个反措施,就会是不法行为。


lawful的反义词是 unlawful。 在使用中,需要比较的两个词语是lawful和legal,这 两个词语都表示“合法”的意思,但略有区别,主要区别在于:lawful 和 legal的主要区别在于:

①lawful侧重法律实质,legal侧重法律形式。如说某一行为是lawful,意指该行为为法律所授权或批准,至少不是法律所禁止的;而说某一行为是legal,则意味着该行为根据法律的形式和习惯,或者以技术性的方式作为。在这一意义上,illegal接近于invalid的含义。

②lawful较legal来说,更清楚地暗含道德伦理上的内容,即伦理上的容许性,后者仅指技术性的或正式的规则相一致。


例 The continuing Directors at any time may act notwithstanding any vacancy in their body; provided always that in case the Directors shall at any time be reduced in number to less than two it shall be lawful for the continuing Directors to act for the purpose of appointing another or other Directors under the provisions of these Articles but not for other purposes.

【参考译文】即使董事会出现任何空缺,在任董事仍可随时行事,但若董事人数于任何时候减至少于两人,在任董事依法仅可为根据本章程细则条文委任另一位或其他董事而行事,但不得为其他目的而行事。


例 The Licensor shall conduct all legal proceedings in respect of any infringement or alleged infringement of the Licensed Trademarks and any claim or counterclaim brought or threatened to be brought in connection with the use or registration of the Licensed Trademarks and shall in its absolute discretion decide what to do.

【参考译文】对于受许可商标所受到的侵权或侵权指控,以及就受许可商标的使用或注册提出或似将提出的索赔或反索赔,许可方应进行一切法律诉讼,并完全由其自行决定采取何种行动。


参考

《元照英美法词典》

《英汉法律翻译教程》(孙万彪)

《法律英语核心术语:实务基础》(屈文生)

https://www.linguee.com/english-chinese/search?source=auto&query=lawful

发布于 2020-08-17 11:12:50
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