民事藐视与刑事藐视的译法及其相关内容

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1.Civil contempt 民事藐视

与刑事藐视〔criminal contempt〕相对。指当事人有意不履行法庭明确要求其为或者不为一定行为的命令。对于民事藐视法庭行为,可以处以罚款或者监禁从而强制该当事人服从法庭命令,维护对方当事人的利益,确立法庭的权威,并遏制诸如疏于履行义务〔derelictions〕等行为的发生。

Civil contempt of court most often happens when someone fails to adhere to an order from the court, with resulting injury to a private party’s rights. For example, failure to pay court ordered child support can lead to punishment for civil contempt. Typically, the aggrieved party, such as a parent who has not received court ordered child support payments, may file an action for civil contempt. Civil contempt sanctions aim to either: (1) restore the rights of the party who was wronged by the failure to satisfy the court’s order; or (2) simply move an underlying proceeding along. Civil contempt sanctions typically end when the party in contempt complies with the court order, or when the underlying case is resolved. 以下为相关例句,可供参考:

例句1

Civil contempt of court refers to behavior which disobeys the authority of a court in a civil proceeding. Civil contempt is distinct from criminal contempt of court. Most often, civil contempt of court involves failure to satisfy a court order. Generally, sanction for civil contempt end when the party in contempt complies with the court order, or the underlying case resolves. Civil contempt can result in punishment including jail time and/or a fine.

民事藐视法庭是指在民事诉讼中违背法院权威的行为。民事藐视法庭不同于刑事藐视法庭。最常见的是,民事藐视法庭涉及不履行法院命令。一般来说,当藐视法庭的一方遵守法院命令,或者基本案件得到解决时,对民事藐视法庭的制裁即可结束。民事藐视法庭可能会受到惩罚,包括监禁和/或罚款。

例句2

Those held in civil contempt generally must be given notice of the contempt sanctions and an opportunity to be heard, but usually are not guaranteed a jury trial. Also, their contempt does not need to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, while criminal contempt charges must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.

那些被认定为民事藐视法庭的人通常必须被给予藐视法庭制裁的通知和聆讯的机会,但通常不能保证陪审团审判。此外,他们的藐视不需要被证明超出合理怀疑,而刑事藐视指控必须被证明超出合理怀疑。

2.Criminal contempt 刑事藐视

指妨碍正义或者对法庭的公正性进行攻击的行为。设立此罪的主要目的在于维护法庭的权威,并惩罚不遵守法庭命令的行为。在民事诉讼中虚假证言的获得即构成藐视法庭罪,而与民事藐视有所区别。基于法庭有权对此进行惩罚,藐视法庭罪的程序在性质上是具有惩罚性的,通常以警告阻止再犯。在美国宪法条款中,藐视法庭罪被视为「危害国家罪」,从而使得总统有权对此类犯罪给予赦免。

Criminal contempt of court refers to behavior which disobeys, offends or disrespects the authority or dignity of a court. It can occur directly, in the presence of the court, or indirectly when it happens outside the presence of the judge. Criminal contempt charges become separate charges from the underlying case. Adjudication of charges and punishment for criminal contempt may continue after resolution the underlying case. 相关例句如下,可供参考:

例句1

Criminal contempt involves behavior that assaults the dignity of the court or impairs the ability of the court to conduct its work. Criminal contempt can occur within a civil or criminal case. For example, criminal contempt occurs when a witness or spectator shouts or insults the judge during a trial.

刑事藐视涉及侵犯法院尊严或损害法院开展工作的能力的行为。刑事藐视可能发生在民事或刑事案件中。例如,当证人或旁观者在审判中大声喊叫或侮辱法官时,就会发生刑事藐视法庭行为。

例句2

A civil contempt usually is a violation of the rights of one person, whereas a criminal contempt is an offense against society. Courts use civil contempt as a coercive power, wielding it only to ask that the contemnor comply with the courts’ actions. Criminal contempt is punitive; courts use it to punish parties who have impaired the courts’ functioning or bruised their dignity.

民事藐视通常是对一个人权利的侵犯,而刑事藐视是对社会的冒犯。法院使用民事藐视作为一种强制力,使用它只是为了要求藐视法庭者遵守法院的行为。刑事藐视是惩罚性的;法院用它来惩罚损害法院运作或损害其尊严的当事人。

发布于 2020-10-28 18:25:39
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