港股IPO中不可或缺的各类角色人

2 人赞同了该文章

在港股IPO承销协议等协议中,经常会见到主承销商、独家保荐人、全球协调人、账簿管理人、牵头经办人等各种各样的称呼,那么,他们具体指的是哪些机构,在IPO中又扮演着怎样的角色呢?以下将一一道来:


※ 主承销商Lead underwriter。主承销商,是指在股票发行中独家承销或牵头组织承销团经销的证券经营机构。主承销商是股票发行人聘请的最重要的中介机构。它既是股票发行的主承销商,又是发行人的财务顾问,且往往还是发行人上市的推荐人。当一家企业决定发行股票后,往往会有几家、十几家甚至几十家证券经营机构去争取担任主承销商,竞争十分激烈。 A lead underwriter is an investment bank or another financial organization that has the primary directive for organizing a security offering for public companies. This company works with other investment banks to establish an underwriter syndicate. 主承销商一般也会担任账簿管理人(bookrunner)以及全球协调人(global coordinator)。


国际上,主承销商一般是由信誉卓著、实力雄厚的商人银行(英国)、投资银行(美国)及大的证券公司来担任。在我国,一般则由具有资格的证券公司或兼营证券的信托投资公司来担任。

在我国,国家对承销业务的实施及承销资格的认定均有明确的规定,根据《证券经营机构股票承销业务管理办法》的规定,当拟公开发行或配售股票的面值总额超过人民币3000万元或预期销售总额超过人民币5000万元时,应当由承销团(underwriter syndicate)承销。承销团由2家以上证券经营机构组成,其中牵头组织承销团的证券经营机构成为主承销商。


※ 保荐人Sponsor。保荐人实质上类似于上市推荐人,香港通称保荐人,在联交所的主板上市规则中关于保荐人的规定也类似于上交所对于上市推荐人的规定,主要职责就是将符合条件的企业推荐上市,并对申请人适合上市、上市文件的准确完整以及董事知悉自身责任义务等负有保证责任,尽管联交所建议发行人上市后至少一年内维持保荐人对他的服务,但保荐人的责任原则上随着股票上市而终止。香港推出创业板后,保荐人制度的内涵得到了拓展,保荐人的责任被法定延续到公司上市后的两年之内。When a company chooses to go public it also engages the support of a sponsor or sponsors. Sponsors help guide the company through the initial public offering (IPO) process and also provide credibility for new investors considering the IPO investment. Leading IPO sponsors are typically investment banks that take a stake in the company as well.


保荐人制度起源于英国的二板市场AIM( Alternative Investment Market) 市场,随后,美国NASDAQ市场、中国香港GEM 市场等也相继引入该制度。保荐人制度的建立源于二板市场存在的高度信息不对称和高风险特征,目的在于保证上市公司信息披露的质量,增强上市公司信用,保障市场稳健运行。

保荐人一般分为“独家保荐人Sole sponsor”和“联席保荐人joint sponsor”。独家保荐人即表示IPO项目中仅有一家保荐人参与,而联席保荐人则与之相反,有多于一家的保荐人参与到IPO项目中。一般的IPO项目可只聘请一家保荐人,但大型的、涉及跨国股票销售的IPO项目则就需要多家保荐人共同完成。

下图为香港IPO上市中的保荐人排行榜(截至2018年):


※ 账簿管理人Bookrunner。在银行投资业务领域里,账簿管理人或主办银行是股票、债务、证券等业务的主要承揽者。 当一公司委托银行发行证券时,需要一个主承销商,称为账簿管理人。主承销商往往会联同其他机构一起操作以期分散风险。此时这些机构被称为联合账簿管理人Joint Bookrunner。他们的主要责任包括承销、拟定发售规模、售价、配置、和上市后的价格稳定。The term book runner or a bookrunner refers to the primary underwriter or lead coordinator in the issuance of new equity, debt, or securities instruments. The book runner is the lead underwriting firm that runs or is in charge of the books in investment banking.


※ 全球协调人Global coordinator。全球协调人是在有不同账簿管理人负责不同地区发行情况下衍生出来的角色,负责不同地区之间的全面协调工作。 全球协调人也分为“独家全球协调人sole global coordinator”和“联席全球协调人joint global coordinator”。Global coordinator coordinates all aspects of an Offering. Global coordinators usually also serve as Lead manager and Book-runner.


※ 牵头经办人Lead manager。牵头经办人(内地和香港通用译法)即通常所说的主承销商(台湾常用译法)的另一个称呼。 指获得筹资者授权,负责安排贷款、债券或股票发行事宜的机构. 大规模的债券或股票发行案,通常由国际知名的投资银行出任主要经办人。常见的牵头经办人有“联席牵头经办人(Joint Lead Manager)”以及“副牵头经办人Co-Lead Manager”,与前者相比,副牵头经办人的角色一般要低一些。


随之附上承销协议中与上述各类角色人有关的部分条款,供参考:



Power of the Sole Global Coordinator to make applications: In the event of a Hong Kong Public Offering Under-Subscription, the Sole Global Coordinator[, subject to the consent of the Sole Sponsor,] shall have the right (to be exercised at its sole and absolute discretion and in relation to which it is under no obligation to exercise) to apply to subscribe for or procure applications to subscribe for (subject to and in accordance with this Agreement) all or any of the Unsold Hong Kong Offer Shares which any Hong Kong Underwriter is required to take up pursuant to Clause 4.6. Any application submitted or procured to be submitted by any of the Sole Global Coordinator pursuant to this Clause 4.10 in respect of which payment is made mutatis mutandis in accordance with Clause 4.9 shall satisfy pro tanto the obligation of the relevant Hong Kong Underwriter under Clause 4.6 but shall not affect any agreement or arrangement among the Hong Kong Underwriters regarding the payment of underwriting commission.

独家全球协调人提交申请的权力:如果香港公开发售出现认购额不足的情况,独家全球协调人【经独家保荐人同意】应当有权(对此享有唯一及绝对的酌情权,但无义务行使该权利)根据本协议的条款,申请(或促使申请)认购任何香港包销商被要求按照第4.6条认购的所有未售出香港发售股份或其中任何部分。独家全球协调人根据第4.10条提交(或促使提交)的任何申请,在根据第4.9条对相关付款做必要的修改后,构成相关香港包销商在第4.6条下义务的履行,但不影响各香港包销商之间达成的有关包销佣金支付的任何协议或安排。



No liability for Offer Price and Offering Documents: Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement, none of the Sole Sponsor, the Sole Global Coordinator, [the Joint Bookrunners, the Joint Lead Managers,] the Hong Kong Underwriters nor any of their respective directors, officers, employees, agents, assignees and affiliates or any other Indemnified Parties (as defined in Clause 12.1 hereof), shall have any liability whatsoever to the Warrantors or any other person in respect of the following matters (it being acknowledged by the parties that the Warrantors are solely responsible in this regard):

对发行价和发售文件不承担责任:尽管本协议中有任何规定,独家保荐人、独家全球协调人【联席账簿管理人、联席牵头经办人】、香港包销商或其各自的任何董事、高级管理人员、员工、代理、受让人和关联方或任何其他受偿方(定义见本协议第12.1条),均不就以下事项对担保人或任何其他人士承担任何责任(各方承认,担保人对此负承担全部责任):


(a) any alleged insufficiency of the Offer Price or any dealing price of the Offer Shares; and

任何声称的发行价或发售股份的任何交易价格不充分;和


(b) any of the matters referred to in Clauses 12.1.1 to 12.1.15,

第12.1.1条至12.1.15条提及之任何事项,


and, notwithstanding anything contained in Clause 12, each Indemnified Party shall be entitled pursuant to the indemnities contained in Clause 12 to recover any Loss (as defined in Clause 12.1) incurred or suffered or made as a result of or in connection with any of the foregoing matters.

且尽管第12条中有任何规定,各受偿方应有权根据第12条中的赔偿条款,追讨其因或就任何前述事项产生或遭受或造成的任何损失(定义见第12.1条)。

发布于 2021-01-03 11:09:27
还没有评论
    旗渡客服