下文着重介绍发明创造的类型和涉及的相关当事方及其对应英文表达，同时以《中国专利法》中的条款为例展示相关用法。

发明-Invention

定义：专利法规定，发明是指对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案。

例句：

原文：

发明和实用新型专利权被授予后，除本法另有规定的以外，任何单位或者个人未经专利权人许可，都不得实施其专利，即不得为生产经营目的制造、使用、许诺销售、销售、进口其专利产品，或者使用其专利方法以及使用、许诺销售、销售、进口依照该专利方法直接获得的产品。（《中国专利法》第十一条第一款）

译文：

After the grant of the patent for an invention or an utility model, except where otherwise provided for in this Law, no entity or individual may, without the authorization of the patentee, exploit the patentee's patent, that is, for production or business purposes, manufacture, use, offer to sell, sell or import the patented product, or use the patented process, and use, offer to sell, sell or import the product directly obtained by the patented process.

实用新型-Utility Model

定义：专利法规定，实用新型是指对产品的形状、构造或者其结合所提出的适于实用的新的技术方案。

例句：

原文：

任何单位或者个人将在中国完成的发明或者实用新型向外国申请专利的，应当事先报经国务院专利行政部门进行保密审查。保密审查的程序、期限等按照国务院的规定执行。（《中国专利法》第十九条第一款）

译文：

Where any entity or individual intends to file a patent application abroad in a foreign country for any an invention or utility model accomplished in China, it or he shall submit the matter to request the patent administration department under the State Council for confidentiality examination in advance. The procedures and duration etc. of the confidentiality examination shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations of the State Council.

外观设计-Design

定义：专利法规定，外观设计是指对产品的整体或者局部的形状、图案或者其结合以及色彩与形状、图案的结合所作出的富有美感并适于工业应用的新设计。

例句：

原文：

外观设计专利权被授予后，任何单位或者个人未经专利权人许可，都不得实施其专利，即不得为生产经营目的制造、许诺销售、销售、进口其外观设计专利产品。（《中国专利法》第十一条第二款）

译文：

After the grant of the patent for an design, no entity or individual may, without the authorization of the patentee, exploit the patentee's patent, that is, for production or business purposes, manufacture, offer to sell, sell or import the products incorporating the patentee's patented design.

发明人-Inventor

定义：专利法规定，在发明专利和实用新型专利中，对发明创造具体实质性特点做出贡献的人称为发明人。发明人为自然人。

例句：

原文：

被授予专利权的单位应当对职务发明创造的发明人或者设计人给予奖励；发明创造专利实施后，根据其推广应用的范围和取得的经济效益，对发明人或者设计人给予合理的报酬。（《中国专利法》第十五条第一款）

译文：

The entity that is granted a patent right shall reward the inventor or designer of a service invention-creation. After such patent is exploited, the entity shall pay the inventor or designer a reasonable remuneration based on the extent of spreading and application as well as the economic benefits yielded.

设计人-Designer

定义：专利法规定，在外观设计专利中，对外观设计特点做出贡献的人称为设计人。设计人为自然人。

例句：

原文：

国家鼓励被授予专利权的单位实行产权激励，采取股权、期权、分红等方式，使发明人或者设计人合理分享创新收益。（《中国专利法》第十五条第二款）

译文：

The State encourages the entity that is granted a patent right to implement property right incentives, by such means as offering of stocks, options, and dividends, so that the inventor or designer can reasonably share the benefits of innovation.

专利申请人-Applicant

定义：专利申请人是向专利局提出就某一发明或设计取得专利请求的当事人。中国专利法规定，专利申请人应具备两个条件：（1）具有专利权利能力的公民或法人；（2）具有专利申请的申请权。享有申请权的民事主体一旦向专利局提出专利申请后，便在专利申请和审査阶段享受权利并承担义务，并有可能在将来成为专利权人。

例句：

原文：

同样的发明创造只能授予一项专利权。但是，同一申请人同日对同样的发明创造既申请实用新型专利又申请发明专利，先获得的实用新型专利权尚未终止，且申请人声明放弃该实用新型专利权的，可以授予发明专利权。

两个以上的申请人分别就同样的发明创造申请专利的，专利权授予最先申请的人。

（《中国专利法》第九条）

译文：

For any identical invention-creation, only one patent right shall be granted. However, where the same applicant files applications for both a utility model patent and an invention patent with regard to the identical invention-creation on the same day, if the utility model patent granted earlier has not been terminated and the applicant declares to abandon the utility model patent, the invention patent may be granted.

专利权人-Patentee

定义：专利权人是享有专利权的主体。专利权人包括专利权所有人和持有人，前者可以是公民、集体所有制单位、外资企业、中外合资企业；后者是全民所有制单位。专利权人又包括原始取得专利权的原始主体和继受取得专利权的继受主体。

例句：

原文：

执行本单位的任务或者主要是利用本单位的物质技术条件所完成的发明创造为职务发明创造。职务发明创造申请专利的权利属于该单位，申请被批准后，该单位为专利权人。该单位可以依法处置其职务发明创造申请专利的权利和专利权，促进相关发明创造的实施和运用。

非职务发明创造，申请专利的权利属于发明人或者设计人；申请被批准后，该发明人或者设计人为专利权人。

利用本单位的物质技术条件所完成的发明创造，单位与发明人或者设计人订有合同，对申请专利的权利和专利权的归属作出约定的，从其约定。

（《中国专利法》第六条）

译文：

An invention-creation that is accomplished in the course of performing the duties of an employee, or mainly by using the material and technical conditions of an employer, is a service invention-creation. For a service invention-creation, the right to apply for a patent belongs to the employer. After such application is approved, the employer shall be the patentee. The employer may, in accordance with the law, dispose of the right to apply for a patent for its service invention-creation and the patent right, thereby facilitating the exploitation and utilization of the relevant invention-creation.

For a non-service invention-creation, the right to apply for a patent belongs to the inventor or designer. After the application is approved, the inventor or designer shall be the patentee.

For an invention-creation that is accomplished by using the material and technical conditions of an employer, if the employer has concluded a contract with the inventor or designer providing the ownership of the right to apply for the patent or the ownership of the patent right, such provision shall prevail.

专利代理机构-Patent Agency

定义：专利代理机构是经省专利管理局审核，国家知识产权局批准设立，可以接受委托人的委托，在委托权限范围内以委托人的名义办理专利申请或其他专利事务的服务机构。

例句：

原文：

在中国没有经常居所或者营业所的外国人、外国企业或者外国其他组织在中国申请专利和办理其他专利事务的，应当委托依法设立的专利代理机构办理。

中国单位或者个人在国内申请专利和办理其他专利事务的，可以委托依法设立的专利代理机构办理。

（《中国专利法》第十八条第一款和第二款）

译文：

Where any foreigner, foreign enterprise or other foreign organization without a habitual residence or business office in China files a patent application or handles other patent-related matters in China, he or it shall entrust a legally established patent agency with the application or such matters.

Where any Chinese entity or individual files a patent application or handles other patent-related matters in China, he or it may entrust a legally established patent agency with the application or such matters.

被代理人-Principal

例句：

原文：

专利代理机构应当遵守法律、行政法规，按照被代理人的委托办理专利申请或者其他专利事务；对被代理人发明创造的内容，除专利申请已经公布或者公告的以外，负有保密责任。专利代理机构的具体管理办法由国务院规定。（《中国专利法》第十八条第三款）

译文：

The patent agency shall abide by laws and administrative regulations, and handle patent applications and other patent-related matters as entrusted by its principals. In respect of the contents of the principal's invention-creations, except for those that have been published or announced for patent application, the agency shall be obligated to keep them confidential. The specific measures for administration of the patent agencies shall be formulated by the State Council.

来源：

百度百科；

http://english.cnipa.gov.cn/col/col3068/index.html