“有权...”几乎是法律条文和合同条款出现频率最高的字眼，在法律英语中，表示“有权做某事”的词汇也很多，如have the right (privilege, benefit, concession, prerogative) to, have the power/authority to, be entitled to (have the entitlement to), reserve the right to等。

我们在汉译英时，遇到上述词汇译为“有权...”没有什么顾虑，但在英译汉时，尽管含义相近用法相似均可表示“有权做某事”，但也不完全相同，我们在英译汉时要注意区分：

1) have the right to do

have the right to do是最常见，使用最广的表达。

参加农村集体经济组织的劳动者，有权在法律规定的范围内经营自留地、自留山、家庭副业和饲养自留畜。

Working people who are members of rural economic collective have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of cropland and hilly land allotted for their private use, engage in household sideline production and raise privately owned livestock.）（《中华人民共和国宪法》）

人民法院审理案件，除法律规定的特别情况外，一律公开进行。被告人有权获得辩护。

Except in special circumstances as specified by law, all cases in the people’s courts are heard in public. The accused has the right to defence. ）（《中华人民共和国宪法》）

总之，凡需要翻译的“有权”不涉及明显的“职权”、“代理权”或“特权”时，用 have the right to去表述往往是最合适的，见《元照英美法词典》。

Where the obligee does not notify the obligor its division, consolidation or change of domicile so as to make it difficult for the obligor to perform the obligation she obligor has right to suspend to perform or have the subject matter deposited.

债权人分立、合并或者变更住所没有通知债务人，致使履行债务发生困难的，债务人可以中止履行或者将标的物提存。

2) be entitled to do

be entitled to do暗含某种小小的“特权”。

一般指的是由于权利主体作出了某种贡献、符合某一标准或获得某种资格而可以享有或被某权力机构赋予的权利，并非是同一语境中人人可以享有的、平等的权利。如：

In addition, an employee who has served the company for three years is entitled to retrenchment benefit.

此外，在公司任职三年以上的雇员，享有遣散费。

The Party A is entitled to inspect, or to have its agent inspect, the Goods at the Party B's place of business or point of shipping]

在[乙方营业地或运输地]甲方有权自行或委托其代理人检验货物。

3) reserve the right to

reserve the right to蕴含某种“居高临下”的权，可能还有带有一定的威胁语气。

翻译时，我们通常将reserve the right to译为“保留...的权利”，处理为“有权...”的情况也很多。

reserve the right to 是一种典型的“自留权”，即保留给处于“强势”地位的行为主体自己使用、主要表示“权力”（而并非“权利”）主张的词语，其主语一般都是 We、I 或本公司，不可以是第二或第三人称（如写成 You/he shall reserve the right）。

Some bars reserve the right to refuse entrance to teenagers.

（有些酒吧有权禁止 19 岁以下青少年入内。）

You have a legal right to cancel your registration if you notify Contact Expats that you wish to do so within seven working days from when Contact Expats notifies you your registration has been accepted. ... We reserve the right to take whatever action we deem necessary to prevent such breaches including the following: ...Contact Expats reserves the right to withdraw or modify any aspect of the Contact Expats Service where we have legal or technical reasons to do so. (http://www.contactexpats.com/tandc.htm)

We reserve the right to amend (add to, delete or change) the terms of this Terms of Payment and the eCheck Service. We may terminate your use of the eCheck Service at any time, without cause or prior notice. (From The eCheck Service TERMS OF PAYMENT, http://ttc.lacounty.gov/)

4) have the power to

have (the) power to通常指职能上被法律或上级赋予的“权力”。

If there is no person claiming under the company who is willing to accept an order upon such

terms, the court shall have power to vest the estate and interest of the company in the property in any person liable either personally or in a representative character,...

（如藉公司而提出申索的人中并无任何人愿意接受按该等条款作出的命令，则法院有权将公司就该财产享有的产业权及权益归属予任何有法律责任履行该租契所载的承租人契诺的人，不论该人是以个人或代表人身分承担该责任，……）（《香港公司条例》）

Notwithstanding subsection (5), the Registrar, when exercising the jurisdiction conferred by this section, shall not have power to make an order for the committal of a person for contempt of court.

（即使有第 5 款的规定，司法常务官在行使本条所授予的司法管辖权时，并无权力作出命令，以某人犯藐视法庭罪而将其交付羁押。）（《香港公司条例》）

上述两个例句中“法院有权”以及“司法常务官...无权...”，显然都不牵涉行为者的任何利益，这其中的“权”是“当权派”（“法院”或“私法常务官”）拥有的实实在在的职能方面的“权力”，因此使用power。

（The National People’s Congress elects,and has the power to recall, members of its Standing Committee.）

全国人民代表大会选举并有权罢免全国人民代表大会常务委员会的组成人员。（《中华人民共和国宪法》）

5) have the authority to

authority和power基本等同，也略有不同，可简单理解为power的使用范围要大于authority。具体可参考二者的英文释义：

In government, authority is often used interchangeably with“power” . However, their meanings differ: while “power” is defined as “the ability to influence somebody to do something that he/she would not have done, “authority” refers to a claim of legitimacy, the justification and right to exercise that power. For example, while a mob has the power to punish a criminal, for example by lynching, people who believe in the rule of law consider that only a court of law has the authority to punish a criminal. ( 来源：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority )

相关双语例句参考如下：

虽然宪法保证根据宪法第三条委任的联邦法官，其薪酬不可被削减，但国会及总统仍有权决定是否增加法官的薪酬。

Although the Constitution guarantees that salaries of federal judges appointed according to Article III cannot be reduced, Congress and the President have the authority to raise or not to raise the judges’ pay.

警察和法院有权在发生对妇女的暴力行为时下达并强制执行保护和禁止令，包括将行为人从住所中带走，禁止在住所内外与被害人和其他受影响当 事人进一步接触，并有权下达和强制执行子女支助和监护令，以及对违反这些 命令的行为处以刑罚。

Police and courts have the authority to issue and enforce protection and restraining or barring orders in cases of violence against women, including removal of the perpetrator from the domicile and prohibition of further contact with the victim and other affected parties, inside and outside the domicile, to issue and enforce child support and custody orders and to impose penalties for breaches of those orders.

参考：

1. 中华人民共和国宪法http://wwwgov.cn/gongbao/content/2004/content 62714.htm; 英文本源自中华人民共和国国务院法制局编译，中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991 年7月版 ): http://news.xinhuanet.com/enelish/2003-08/27/content 1047764.htm.

2. 中华人民共和国公司法htp://bk.mylegist.com/bilingual4306.html

3. 元照英美法词典[Z].北京: 法律出版社，2003.

4. 香港法律第 32章《公司条例》.http://www.hklii.org/hk/legis/ch/ord/32/.

5. 香港特别行政区基本法http://www.basiclaw-gov.hk/gb/index/.

6. 李克兴. 论法律文本中“权利”和“权力”的表述和翻译（1000-873X (2012) 04-0098-06）