单从字面意思来看，译为“治安官”似乎没有什么不妥。

"Justice of the Peace"是一种在英美法系国家中存在的职位，通常负责处理小额纠纷、进行民事仪式如婚礼、以及执行简单的司法程序等职责。

而“治安官”在英文中通常指的是“Sheriff”，这是一种负责某个地区的执法和公共安全的职位，与"Justice of the Peace"的职责有所不同。

再来看一下Wikipedia给出的释义：

A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower or puisne court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning. Depending on the jurisdiction, such justices dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions. Justices of the peace are appointed or elected from the citizens of the jurisdiction in which they serve, and are (or were) usually not required to have any formal legal education in order to qualify for the office. Some jurisdictions have varying forms of training for JPs.

大意是，JP是下级法院或高等法院的司法官员，通过委员会（专利证书）选举或任命，以维护治安。 在过去的几个世纪中，“和平专员”一词经常具有相同的含义。 根据司法管辖区的不同，这些法官负责简易司法或仅处理普通法司法管辖区的当地行政申请。 JP是从他们所服务的司法管辖区的公民中任命或选举产生的，并且通常不需要（或过去）接受任何正式的法律教育就有资格担任该职务。 一些司法管辖区为JP提供不同形式的培训。

从Wikipedia给出的释义来看，JP应该属于“文官”，而不是所谓的“治安官”，与释义中的“和平专员”异曲同工，更多的译为“太平绅士”，属于裁判官。

如

The appellant's recognizance may be taken before a justice of the peace or an officer acting with the authority of the Commissioner of Correctional Services.

上诉人可在一名太平绅士或获惩教署署长授权的人员面前具结。

The constable shall answer on oath any question that the justice of the peace or judge hearing the application asks him.

有关的警员须宣誓回答太平绅士或法官于聆讯该申请时提出的问题。