freehold estates指的是自由保有地产(权)。
这种地产的持有者除了向其领主履行一定不带奴役性的役务〔service〕外,他有权自由、完全不受限制地占有处分其地产,如出租、抵押、转让等。事实上的自由保有地产〔freehold in deed〕蕴含着对土地的实际占有,可分为非限嗣继承地产〔fee simple〕、限嗣继承地产〔fee tail〕和终身地产〔tenement for life〕;法律上的自由保有地产〔freehold in law〕是指继承人在被继承人死亡之后和自己进入土地之前所享有的地产权。另外,自由保有地依性质分为军役保有地〔knight service〕、侍君保有地〔serjeanty〕、农役保有地〔free socage〕和自由教役保有地〔frankalmoign〕。
A freehold estate could be an estate in fee or a life estate. An estate in fee could be either absolute or qualified. An estate in fee simple absolute was the largest estate recognized by the law. Among other rights, its owner controlled its disposition, including the right to will it.
Leasehold nonfreehold estates指的是租约(非自由)保有的地产(权)。
租约(非自由)拥有的地产(权)是指通过租约的方式从房地产产权的所有者处获得的在一定时间内的对房地产使用和占有的权利。在租约期满后,所有权人依法有权行使对房地产的重新占有权利。租约(非自由)拥有的产权包括固定年限租约拥有的产权(Tenancy for Years)、阶段性自动续约的租约拥有的产权(Tenancy from Period to Period)、意愿性租约拥有的产权(Tenancy at Will)、强制性默许租约拥有的产权(Tenancy at Sufferance)。
以下为相关双语示例,供参考:
There are three main types of freehold estate ownership. The most common type is the fee simple absolute, which is absolute ownership. Ownership with some regulations is called a fee simple defeasible, and life estate refers to someone's usage of the property until they die.
一共有三种自由保有地产所有(权)。最常见的是绝对自由继承地,拥有绝对所有权。附带部分规定的所有权被称为可宣告无效的非限嗣继承地,终身地产所有(权)指某人对财产的使用权一直持续至其去世。
