“summary offence”具体指什么?

“summary offence”具体指什么?

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“Summary offence”是英国、加拿大、香港等普通法适用国家和地区的一种犯罪,《元照英美法词典》将其译为“简易罪”,具体解释为:如果由成年人实施,只能由治安法院(magistrates’ court)按简易程序审理(triable only summarily)的犯罪。此处所述“由治安法院(magistrates’ court)审理”,就英国而言,具体是指英格兰和威尔士,而苏格兰和北爱尔兰适用的法院系统与英格兰和威尔士不同。这类犯罪情节不太严重,无需陪审团审理,在英国主要包括机动车违章(motoring offence)、轻微刑事损害(minor criminal damage)、未造成严重后果的普通企图伤害(common assault)等,在香港主要包括乱扔垃圾(littering)、不小心驾驶(careless driving)、冒充公职人员(pretending to be a public officer)等。

 

在美国,通常使用“petty offense”,其与“summary offence”同义,《元照英美法词典》将其译为“轻微犯罪”,具体解释为:指可判处的最高刑罚通常为罚金或短期监禁或劳教的轻微犯罪行为。依照宪法,六个月的监禁是划分严重犯罪〔serious offense〕与轻微犯罪的界限。对严重犯罪须由陪审团审判,而对轻微犯罪通常由治安法官单独审理,不需陪审团参加。在某些州,轻微犯罪是除轻罪〔misdemeanor〕和重罪〔felony〕之外的又一分类。

 

例句:

Otherwise than in a court sitting in manner provided in section 3 of the Juvenile Offenders Ordinance (Cap. 226), where a magistrate—

(a) has convicted any person; or

(b) has made an order against any person for the payment of money or otherwise,

and it is proved to the satisfaction of the magistrate, on oath or in the prescribed manner, that not less than 7 days previously a notice was served on such person in the prescribed form and in the manner prescribed in section 8(2)(a) for the service of a summons specifying any alleged previous conviction of such person of a summary offence proposed to be brought to the notice of the magistrate in the event of the conviction of such person of the offence charged, and such person is not present in person before the magistrate, the magistrate may take account of any such previous conviction so specified as if such person had appeared and admitted it.

除根据《少年犯条例》(第226章)第3条所订定的方式在法庭聆案外,凡裁判官——

(a) 已将任何人定罪;或

(b) 已针对任何人就付款或其他事项作出命令,

而有关人员以宣誓或订明的方式证明,使裁判官信纳,已在不少于7天前,依照第8(2)(a)条所订明的送达传票方式及使用订明的表格,将指明拟将该人被指称曾犯简易程序罪行的任何定罪纪录在该人控罪成立时向裁判官透露的通知书送达该人,则该人如并无亲自到裁判官席前,裁判官可对所指明的任何定罪纪录加以考虑,犹如该人已出庭并承认该项定罪纪录一样。

(来源:《裁判官条例》(香港法例第221章)第29条)

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