Demurrage 滞期费

1.因船舶滞留的时间超过租船合同或提单中规定的载货、卸货或航运的天数，由承租人或托运人向船东或承运人支付费用作为补偿，此项规定旨在加速载货、卸货，便于商业流通；2. 适用于铁路运输时，指托运人如果不能按价目表中规定的时间完成载货、卸货，承运人向其收取的费用。

The term “demurrage” from Old French demeurage, from demeurer–to linger, tarry–originated in vessel chartering and referred to the period when the charterer remained in possession of the vessel after the period normally allowed to load and unload cargo (laytime). By extension, demurrage refers to the charges that the charterer pays to the ship owner for its delayed operations of loading/unloading. Officially, demurrage is a form of liquidated damages for breaching the laytime as it is stated in the governing contract (the charter party). The demurrage sometimes causes a loss to the seller as it increases cost of the total freight. 具体例句如下：

例句1

The inverse of demurrage is despatch. If the charterer requires the use of the vessel for less time than the laytime allowed, the charter party may require the shipowner to pay despatch for the time saved.

滞期费的反相是发货。如果租船人要求使用船舶的时间少于允许的装卸时间，租船合同可以要求船东就节省的发货时间支付一定款项。

例句2

In commercial ship chartering, demurrage is an ancillary cost that represents liquidated damages for delays. It occurs when the vessel is prevented from loading or discharging cargo within the stipulated laytime. In the oil industry, it refers to the excess time taken to discharge or load, as the case may be, in excess of the allowed laytime.

在商业船舶租赁中，滞期费是一种附属费用，代表对延误的违约赔偿金。当船只无法在规定的装卸时间内装卸货物时，就会发生这种情况。在石油工业中，它指的是超过允许装卸时间的卸货或装载时间（视情况而定）。