“损害赔偿(金)”(damages) 的种类很多，最常见的有四种：

Compensatory damages：又称actual damages，翻译为“补偿性赔偿金”，指根据实际损失的多少予以的赔偿。为金钱性补偿。

Punitive damages：又称exemplary damages；vindictive damages；added damages；punitory damages；presumptive damages；speculative damages；imaginary damages；smart money，翻译为“惩罚性赔偿金”。指因过错人所犯过失恶劣等故而处的超出实际损失数量之赔偿， 一般用于侵权而非违约之诉。为金钱性补偿。

Nominal damages：翻译为“象征性补偿”，指证明被告有错但无法证明实际损失时所处的金额很少的补偿。为金钱性补偿。

Aggravated damages，则为“加重的损害赔偿”，指如受害人受伤害太深而无法用金钱补偿时所科处的除金钱之外的其他补偿，其中包括如赔礼道歉、合同的强制履行等。

参考双语例句：

①The Poitiers Appeal Court had held that the Californian decision ran counter to international public policy, since the amount of punitive damages was manifestly disproportionate to the price of the goods and the sum of compensatory damages for loss suffered.

波瓦第尔上诉法院认为，加利福尼亚州的判决违背了国际公共政策，因为惩罚性赔偿金额与货物价格和对所遭受损失的补偿性损害赔偿金额明显不相称。

②In addition to indicate the the TAITRA production of content, any other content, including but not limited to the web via brand in Taiwan Links TAITRA not and will not be liable for compensation due to accidents (including infection by computer virus), defamation, infringement of copyright or intellectual property losses caused by, including but not limited to, profits, goodwill, use, loss of data or other intangible losses, External Trade Development Council does not undertake any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or punitive damages.

除注明外贸协会制作之内容外，其他任何内容，包括但不限于经由品牌台湾网站连结的网页，外贸协会一概不承担赔偿因意外(包括感染电脑病毒)、诽谤、侵犯版权或知识产权所造成的损失，包括但不限于利润、商誉、使用、资料损失或其他无形损失，外贸协会不承担任何直接、间接、附带、特别、衍生性或惩罚性赔偿。

③In one of those cases, a vendor that was the subject of such an investigation commenced arbitral proceedings against the Organization, claiming more than $25 million in damages, and the Division

coordinated the defence of the Organization in those proceedings, resulting in only a nominal damages award of $100.00.

案件之一是，一名遭到调查的供应商启动了针对本组织的仲裁程序，索赔2500多万美元，经一般法律事务司协调本组织在程序中的抗辩，最后只象征性地赔偿了100.00美元。

④The time, place and manner of the trespass and the conduct of the defendant may be taken into account and the court may award aggravated damages on these grounds".

法庭会将进行侵害的时间、地点与方式，以及被告的行为列入考虑之列，并可能因此等因素而提高赔偿金额。