“Circuit courts”是什么意思?对应的中文是什么?

“Circuit courts”是什么意思?对应的中文是什么?

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circuit court 巡回法院 : a court that sits in more than one placein a judicial district: as 

① a state court usually with original jurisdiction andsometimes with appellate jurisdiction 

② any of the federal courts of appeals—not used technically

—— Definition of Circuit Court by Merriam-Webster(韦伯词典释义)

巡回法庭是州初审法院,有权审理该州法律规定的案件,以及该州公民和/或企业之间的案件。这些法院是根据州宪法设立的,有权根据特定的情况审理案件。

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Circuit courts 巡回法庭/巡回法院

最高人民法院设立巡回法庭,是最高人民法院下属机构,主要审理跨行政区域重大行政和民商事案件。巡回法庭制度是指法院为方便群众诉讼,在辖区设置巡回地点,定期或不定期到巡回地点受理并审判案件的制度。设立巡回法庭是中国司法制度的一个创新。中国现行四级法院体系中,每一级法院都可以进行巡回审判,但并未作为一项制度来实施。通过建立巡回法庭制度,最高法院设立相对稳定的巡回法庭机构,实现重大行政案件、跨区域民商事案件就地审理,方便当事人开展诉讼活动,保护当事人合法权益,维护司法公正。巡回法庭的法官来自最高法院,由最高法院各业务庭选派,按一定的时间轮流派驻巡回法庭。巡回法庭的判决效力等同于最高法院的判决,均为终审判决。巡回法庭的作用,是方便当事人诉讼,减轻最高法院办案压力,同时也有利于避免案件审理中可能存在的地方保护主义。

Circuit courts are court systems in several common law jurisdictions. The core concept of circuit courts requires judges to travel to different locales to ensure wide visibility and understanding of cases in a region. More generally, some modern circuit courts may also refer to a court that merely holds trials for cases of multiple locations in some rotation. Circuit Courts are where jury trials are held. Circuit Courts generally handle more serious criminal cases and major civil cases. These include juvenile and other family law cases such as divorce, custody and child support.例句如下:

例句1

可以考虑在最高人民法院设立专门的死刑复核机构,集中一批得力审判人员从事死刑复核的工作。为适应从重从快严惩严重刑事犯罪的需要,也可以考虑不定期地派出巡回法庭分赴各地,对某些特大重大死刑案件进行复核。还可以考虑在各大区、大型城市和案件高发省份派驻常设法庭,负责所辖区域的死刑复核。

We can consider to establish a special organization for review of death sentences within the Supreme People’s Court to put together a group of competent judges to work on the same. To satisfy the needs of timely and severely cracking down on serious criminal offences, it can also be considered to accredit circuit courts to destine for different places at irregular intervals to review some extraordinarily serious or major capital cases. Besides, we can consider to accredit permanent courts in major regions, large cities and provinces with high incidence of cases to be responsible for the review of death sentences in their jurisdictions.

例句2

The majority of jury trials in Florida take place before one judge sitting as judge of the circuit court. The circuit courts are sometimes referred to as courts of general jurisdiction, in recognition of the fact that most criminal and civil cases originate at this level.

佛罗里达州的大多数陪审团审判都是在一名法官担任巡回法院法官之前进行的。巡回法院有时被称为一般管辖权法院,因为认识到大多数刑事和民事案件都起源于这一级。

例句3

Circuit court judges are elected by the voters of the circuits in nonpartisan, contested elections against other persons who choose to qualify as candidates for the position. Circuit court judges serve for six-year terms, and they are subject to the same disciplinary standards and procedures as Supreme Court Justices and district court judges.

巡回法院法官由无党派、有争议的选举中的巡回选举人选举产生,与选择有资格作为该职位候选人的其他人竞争。巡回法院法官的任期为六年,他们受到与最高法院法官和地区法院法官相同的纪律标准和程序的约束。

例句4

Circuit courts have general trial jurisdiction over matters not assigned by statute to the county courts and also hear appeals, if authorized by the Florida Statutes, of decisions in certain administrative, noncriminal infraction, and other types of cases. Thus, circuit courts are simultaneously the highest trial courts and the lowest appellate courts in Florida’s judicial system.

巡回法院对法规未分配给县法院的事项拥有一般审判管辖权,如果佛罗里达法规授权,还审理对某些行政、非刑事违法和其他类型案件的裁决的上诉。因此,巡回法院同时是佛罗里达州司法系统中最高的审判法院和最低的上诉法院。


相关知识拓展:

为依法及时公正审理跨行政区域重大行政和民商事等案件,推动人民法院审判工作重心下移、就地解决纠纷、方便当事人诉讼,最高人民法院根据中央精神及有关法律、司法解释,结合审判工作实际,设立巡回法庭,受理巡回区内相关案件。此前,最高法发布《最高人民法院关于巡回法庭审理案件若干问题的规定》,其中规定,巡回法庭是最高法派出的常设审判机构,巡回法庭作出的判决、裁定和决定,是最高法的判决、裁定和决定。

2014年6月,司法部司法研究所前所长王公义在接受专访时即提出,最高法可能设立华东、华中、华南、西北、西南、华北六大“巡回法院”。每个分区成立一个巡回法院,巡回法院级别明显高于省级高级人民法院,未来案子不到最高人民法院去审理了,可直接在巡回法院审理,巡回法院就相当于最高法院的一个个分院。

2014年10月,十八届四中全会提出,优化司法职权配置,推动实行审判权和执行权相分离的体制改革试点,最高人民法院设立巡回法庭,探索设立跨行政区划的法院和检察院,探索建立检察机关提起公益诉讼制度。

最高人民法院第一巡回法庭2015年1月28日在广东省深圳市挂牌,巡回区为广东、广西、海南三省区。

最高人民法院第二巡回法庭2015年1月31日上午在辽宁省沈阳市挂牌,巡回区为辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省区。

至此,最高人民法院两个巡回法庭的先后挂牌标志着中国的司法改革继续向纵深迈进。

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