price discrimination 价格歧视；价格差别

即不同顾客对同一产品或服务支付不同的价格。由于其可能减弱或破坏竞争，故法律对此予以禁止；但销售易腐坏物品或处理品、产品的成本价较低或为应付竞争对手的同等低价，则不在此限。

Price discrimination is a microeconomic pricing strategy where identical or largely similar goods or services are sold at different prices by the same provider in different markets. Price discrimination is distinguished from product differentiation by the more substantial difference in production cost for the differently priced products involved in the latter strategy. Price differentiation essentially relies on the variation in the customers' willingness to pay and in the elasticity of their demand. For price discrimination to succeed, a firm must have market power, such as a dominant market share, product uniqueness, sole pricing power, etc. All prices under price discrimination are higher than the equilibrium price in a perfectly-competitive market. However, some prices under price discrimination may be lower than the price charged by a single-price monopolist. 以下为相关例句，可供参考：

例句1

Price discrimination is a selling strategy that charges customers different prices for the same product or service based on what the seller thinks they can get the customer to agree to. In pure price discrimination, the seller charges each customer the maximum price they will pay. In more common forms of price discrimination, the seller places customers in groups based on certain attributes and charges each group a different price.

价格歧视是一种销售策略，根据销售者认为他们可以让顾客同意的东西，对相同的产品或服务收取不同的价格。在纯粹的价格歧视中，卖方向每位顾客收取他们愿意支付的最高价格。在更常见的价格歧视形式中，销售者根据某些属性将顾客分组，并对每一组收取不同的价格。

例句2

Price discrimination is practiced based on the seller's belief that customers in certain groups can be asked to pay more or less based on certain demographics or on how they value the product or service in question.

价格歧视是基于销售者的一种信念，即根据特定的人口统计数据或他们对所讨论的产品或服务的评价，可以要求特定群体的顾客支付更多或更少的价格。

例句3

Price discrimination is most valuable when the profit that is earned as a result of separating the markets is greater than the profit that is earned as a result of keeping the markets combined. Whether price discrimination works and for how long the various groups are willing to pay different prices for the same product depends on the relative elasticities of demand in the sub-markets. Consumers in a relatively inelastic submarket pay a higher price, while those in a relatively elastic sub-market pay a lower price.

当分离市场所获得的利润大于保持市场联合所获得的利润时，价格歧视是最有价值的。价格歧视是否有效，以及不同群体愿意为同一产品支付不同价格的时间长短，取决于次级市场需求的相对弹性。相对无弹性的子市场中的消费者支付较高的价格，而相对有弹性的子市场中的消费者支付较低的价格。

例句4

With price discrimination, the company looking to make the sales identify different market segments, such as domestic and industrial users, with different price elasticities. Markets must be kept separate by time, physical distance, and nature of use.

通过价格歧视，公司希望通过不同的价格弹性来确定不同的细分市场，如家庭和工业用户。市场必须按时间、物理距离和使用性质予以分开。