中文中并未查到相关的表达,反而在英语中有officially induced error of law这种表达,该中文表达应该是由officially induced error of law翻译而来。
那就看一下officially induced error of law吧。
Officially Induced error is a mistake of law caused by reliance upon erroneous legal advice obtained from an appropriate official. Case of officially induced error is an exception to the general rule that ignorance of the law is no excuse. However, in order to make out this defense, the accused must show that s/he considered the legal consequences of his or her actions and sought legal advice; the advice was obtained from an appropriate official; the advice was erroneous; s/he relied on it; and his or her reliance was reasonable.
大概是说:官方原因所导致的法律误解是由于依赖从适当的官员那里获得的错误的法律意见而导致的法律错误。官方原因所导致的法律误解是一般规则不知者无罪的一个例外。然而,为了进行这种辩护,被告必须表明她/他考虑了其行为的法律后果并寻求了法律咨询;该建议是从适当的官员那里获得的;这个建议是错误的;她/他依赖它;他或她的依赖是合理的。
可参考案例Long v. State, 5 Terry 262, 65 A. 2d 489 ( Del. 1949)
Long v. State, 44 Del. 262, 65 A.2d 489 (1949), is an American criminal law case in which the court qualified the principle that "ignorance of the law is no excuse", including in cases in which the defendant is acting on incorrect advice from her private attorney that an act is legal, when it is not. The case involved a man who received a divorce in Arkansas and whether or not he had met the residency requirement in that state.
案例大概内容:
特拉华州有位龙先生 ( Long v. State) 想和妻子离婚, 然后与别人结婚, 但特拉华州的离婚程序比较烦琐, 他特意咨询了当地一位知名的婚姻法律师。律师建议, 可以先去其他州离婚, 然后再回来结婚。按照这个建议, 龙先生迅速赶往阿肯色州办完离婚手续, 又返回到特拉华州准备结婚。为了稳妥, 结婚之前, 他再次向那位律师询问是否妥当, 得到的答案是肯定的。为其主婚的牧师觉得事有不妥, 又一次独自请教那位律师, 得到肯定答案后才放心地为龙先生主婚。不幸的是, 律师的建议是错误的, 特拉华州法律不承认其他州的离婚判决, 龙先生被诉重婚。此案经三次审理, 前两次龙先生都被认为有罪, 理由是“不知法不免责”, 但特拉华最高法院却推翻了前两次判决, 认为龙先生重婚罪不成立。(案例摘自《圆圈正义》罗翔)
