准不法行为；准私犯 quasi-delict

1.罗马法中，无恶意的民事侵权，如无恶意的侵犯。2.无恶意的行为，由于错误、疏忽或法律上不可原谅的粗心大意，造成对他人的损害。准不法行为可以发生于公、私法两方面，疏于履行照管社团事务的职责，可能构成犯罪；在同样情况下，疏于照管私人事务，则可能成为民事诉讼的基础。3.指由实际侵权人以外的人承担责任的过错，例如主人为其奴仆之过错承担责任的情形。

Quasi-delict is a French legal term used in some civil law jurisdictions, encompassing the common law concept of negligence as the breach of a non-wilful extra-contractual obligation to third parties. The term 'quasi-delict' is used in civil law to refer to a negligent act or omission which results in harm or damage to an individual or to the property of another. The person causing the harm or damage may do so without any malice, but may nonetheless be found at fault as a result of being negligent and/or imprudent. This exposes the individual to civil liability in the same way as if the act or omission was intentional. 具体例句如下，供参考：

例句1

Quasi delicts are acts that cause damage or harm to another person or to his goods outwith the four civil delicts. Since from these acts a duty arises to compensate the damage or the harm caused to the victim, the quasi delicts were considered one of the four sources of obligation in the Justinian Institutes.

准不法行为是四种民事侵权行为之外的对他人或其物品造成损害或伤害的行为。由于这些行为产生了赔偿对受害者造成的损害或伤害的义务，准不法行为被认为是查士丁尼研究所的四项义务来源之一。

例句2

Quasi Delict is a French legal term used in some civil law jurisdictions. It refers to a negligent act or omission which causes harm or damage to the person or property of another, and thus exposes a person to civil liability as if the act or omission was intentional.

准违法行为是一个法国法律术语，在一些大陆法系国家使用。它指的是对他人的人身或财产造成伤害或损害的疏忽行为或不行为，从而使一个人承担民事责任，就好像该行为或不行为是故意的一样。

例句3

It is a residuary category of private wrongs, characterized by either vicarious or strict liability. In quasi delicts the law creates a liability though the defendant may not in fact be to blame.

它是私人不法行为的剩余类别，其特征是替代责任或严格责任。在准不法行为中，法律规定了一种责任，尽管被告事实上可能没有责任。

例句4

A quasi-delict is a wrong which occurs unintentionally, as a result of something like negligence, where as a true delict requires intentional action. Thus, someone who commits murder has committed a delict, while manslaughter would be an example of a quasi-delict.

准不法行为是由于疏忽等原因无意中发生的不法行为，而真正的不法行为需要有故意行为。因此，犯了谋杀罪的人犯了不法行为，而过失杀人是准不法行为的一个例子。