“风险加权资产”怎么翻译呀?具体含义是什么?

“风险加权资产”怎么翻译呀?具体含义是什么?

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风险加权资产 risk-weighted assets

风险加权资产是指对银行的资产加以分类,根据不同类别资产的风险性质确定不同的风险系数,以这种风险系数为权重求得的资产。

银行业的总资产有很多资产是0风险权重的,有很多风险权重则很高。这个要看每个银行的资产负债结构的配置,一般来说风险权重高的收益也更高。至于具体的风险权重列表你自己查央行和银监会关于银行资本充足率管理办法。举例来说,国债就是0风险权重的,外国国债评级在AA-以下的则是100%,评级在AA-以上的国家的企业债务风险权重则为50%。

Risk-weighted assets are used to determine the minimum amount of capital a bank must hold in relation to the risk profile of its lending activities and other assets. This is done in order to reduce the risk of insolvency and protect depositors. The more risk a bank has, the more capital it needs on hand. The capital requirement is based on a risk assessment for each type of bank asset.

For example, a loan that is secured by a letter of credit is considered to be riskier than a mortgage loan that is secured with collateral and thus requires more capital. 具体例句如下:

例句1

Risk-weighted assets, or RWA, are used to link the minimum amount of capital that banks must have, with the risk profile of the bank’s lending activities (and other assets). The more risk a bank is taking, the more capital is needed to protect depositors.

风险加权资产(RWA)用于将银行必须拥有的最低资本金额与银行贷款活动(和其他资产)的风险状况联系起来。银行承担的风险越大,就需要越多的资本来保护储户。

例句2

Essentially, risk-weighted assets are the loans and other assets of a bank, weighted (that is, multiplied by a percentage factor) to reflect their respective level of risk of loss to the bank. For example, mortgages secured by residential property are generally considered to be lower risk than unsecured credit card lending.

本质上,风险加权资产是银行的贷款和其他资产,加权(即乘以一个百分比因子)以反映其各自对银行的损失风险水平。例如,由住宅物业担保的抵押贷款通常被认为比无担保的信用卡贷款风险低。

例句3

As such, the greater the amount of higher risk assets and loans that a bank has, the higher its risk-weighted assets, and therefore, the higher the amount of capital the bank must have in order to meet APRA’s minimum capital adequacy ratios.

因此,银行拥有的高风险资产和贷款越多,其风险加权资产就越高,因此,为了满足APRA的最低资本充足率,银行必须拥有的资本金额就越高。

例句4

Risk-weighted assets are designed to be responsive to changes in both the quality and composition of a bank’s lending portfolio. In an economic downturn, as credit risk increases, risk-weighted assets would also be expected to increase to some extent.

风险加权资产旨在对银行贷款组合的质量和构成的变化做出反应。在经济低迷时期,随着信贷风险的增加,风险加权资产预计也会有所增加。


相关知识拓展:

计算方法

(1)对于信用风险资产,商业银行可以采用内部评级法、外部评级法和标准法计算;

信用风险加权资产是衡量资产组合或单笔资产所承受的信用风险总量。对银行的信用风险资产进行分类,根据不同的资产类别确定不同的风险权重(风险系数)。以风险权重对相应的资产进行加权(乘以风险权重)即得信用风险加权资产。

(2)对于市场风险资产,商业银行可以采用标准法或内部模型法计算;

市场风险加权资产是指因市场价格(利率、汇率、股票价格和商品价格)的不利变动而使商业银行表内和表外业务发生损失的风险。具体包括商业银行交易账户中的利率风险和股票风险,以及全部汇率风险和商品风险。

(3)对于操作风险资产,商业银行可以采用基本指标法、标准法或高级计量法计算。

操作风险加权资产是指由不完善或有问题的内部程序、员工和信息科技系统,以及外部事件所造成损失的风险,包括法律风险,但不包括策略风险和声誉风险。

风险加权资产的计算公式

为反映总体风险水平,会为不同风险的资产设置不同的风险系数,以各种资产各自的风险系数乘以资产数额加总,便得到加权风险资产。

风险加权资产总额 = 资产负债表内资产×风险权数 + 资产负债表外资产×转换系数×风险加权数(表内外风险加权资产与总资产之比)

风险加权资产的测评的决定因素

风险加权资产的测评由两个因素决定: (1) 银行的资产组合中各项资产的信用风险暴露;以及 (2) 这些信用风险暴露在未来带来信贷损失的可能性。 一些银行资产,例如银行所在国政府以银行的基准货币发行的债务被界定为无信用风险,因此银行的这类债权资产的风险权重为0,不承担信用风险资产要求。然而大多数贷款和其它银行资产都是对具有一定信用风险的机构的债权,可能招致潜在的信用损失。

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