贷款协议中的“negative pledge”是什么意思?

贷款协议中的“negative pledge”是什么意思?

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“Negative”在这里是“消极的”意思;“pledge”并非狭义的“质押”,而是广义的“担保(即提供某些担保物作为履行债务的保证)”。因此“negative pledge”指的就是“消极担保”。A negative pledge clause is a type of negative covenant that prevents a borrower from pledging any assets if doing so would jeopardize the lender’s security. (From Investopedia)消极担保是指借款人向贷款人保证,在其偿清贷款前,不得在其财产上设定有利于其他债权人的法律形式。在国际借贷法律实践中,消极担保可单独运用,其多见于国际金融组织之贷款;消极担保亦可与其他担保方式并用,国际商贷担保则属此类情形。


在协议中设立消极担保条款有利也有弊。一方面,消极担保条款增加了贷款的安全性,因为此条款约定借款人不得在其任何资产或股份之上创设或者允许在其任何资产或股份之上存在任何担保,且还通过限制借款人可进行的商业活动以降低风险。但在另一方面,违反消极担保条款就会触发技术性违约technical default(并非由于实务技术引发的违约,而是指除了支付本金和利息外,未能履行债券契约所载技术性条款的事件,包括触发财务指标约束限制、维持规定的偿债基金、压力测试、未按期出具年报等)。


以下为某协议中的“消极担保条款”,供题主参考:

Negative pledge

In this Clause, Quasi-Security means an arrangement or transaction described in paragraph (b) below.

(a)The Borrower shall not and shall ensure and procure the Offshore Subsidiaries not to create or permit to subsist any Security over any of its assets and shares, or enter into any agreement to do so.

(b)The Borrower shall not and shall ensure and procure the Offshore Subsidiaries not to:

(i)sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of its assets on terms whereby they are or may be leased to or re-acquired by the Borrower and/or the Offshore Subsidiaries;

(ii)sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of its receivables on recourse terms;

(iii)enter into or permit to subsist any title retention arrangement;

(iv)enter into or permit to subsist any arrangement under which money or the benefit of a bank or other account may be applied, set-off or made subject to a combination of accounts; or

(v)enter into or permit to subsist any other preferential arrangement having a similar effect,

in circumstances where the arrangement or transaction is entered into primarily as a method of raising Financial Indebtedness or of financing the acquisition of an asset.


消极担保

在本条中,准担保是指下文(b)所述的安排或交易。

(a)借款人不得并且借款人应当确保和促使离岸子公司不会在其任何资产或股份之上创设或者允许在其任何资产或股份之上存在任何担保,或者订立创设前述担保的任何协议。

(b)在有关安排或交易仅为筹集财务负债或为购买资产提供资金而订立的情况下,借款人不得并且借款人应当确保和促使离岸子公司不会:

(i)以有关资产将由或可由借款人和/或离岸子公司租赁或购回的条款出售、转让或以其它方式处置其任何资产;

(ii)以有追索权的条款出售、转让或以其它方式处置其任何应收账款;

(iii)订立或允许存在任何所有权保留安排;

(iv)订立或允许存在下列任何安排,即在其项下可以将任何银行账户或其它账户内的款项或利益进行账户合并项下的使用或抵消;或者

(v)订立或允许存在其它任何具有类似效力的优先安排。

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