哪位可以讲讲“Absolute Law Rule”的具体内容？

被浏览

USLegal对“absolute law rule”的定义为：“Absolute bar rule is a principle which states that when a creditor sells collateral without giving reasonable notice to the debtor, the creditor may not obtain a deficiency judgment for any amount of the debt that is not satisfied by the sale.”中文意思是，如果债权人在未向债务人发出合理通知的情况下出售抵押物，则债权人不得就出售抵押物所得款无法清偿的任何债务金额获得清偿不足额判决。其中，“deficiency judgment”是指如果抵押期满拍卖所得款、或者债权人在债务人未能清偿赊销款时收回财产再予售出所得的价款，并不足以清偿到期债务，则法院判令债务人补足余额。而该项规则规定的是，除非债权人以商业合理的方式处置抵押物，否则无法要求债务人补足未清偿债务，所以，这项规则是对债务人的一种保护。比如，美国《统一商法典》（Uniform Commercial Code/UCC）和《加州商法典》（California Commercial Code/COM）对这项规则作出了相关规定，如下所示：

Uniform Commercial Code § 9-610：

(a) After default, a secured party may sell, lease, license, or otherwise dispose of any or all of the collateral in its present condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing.

(b) Every aspect of a disposition of collateral, including the method, manner, time, place, and other terms, must be commercially reasonable. If commercially reasonable, a secured party may dispose of collateral by public or private proceedings, by one or more contracts, as a unit or in parcels, and at any time and place and on any terms.

（(a) 债务人违约后，担保权人可以出售、租赁、许可或以其他方式处置当前状况下或经任何商业合理加工或处理后的任何或所有担保物。

(b) 担保物处置的各个方面，包括处置方法、方式、时间、地点及其他条款，均必须具备商业上的合理性。如果担保物处置具备商业上的合理性，则担保权人可以通过公开或非公开程序或通过一份或多份合同根据任何条款在任何时间和地点以整体或按批处置担保物。）

Uniform Commercial Code § 9-611：

(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a secured party that disposes of collateral under Section 9-610 shall send to the persons specified in subsection (c) a reasonable authenticated notification of disposition.

(1) the debtor;

(2) any secondary obligor; and

(3) if the collateral is other than consumer goods:

(A) any other person from which the secured party has received, before the notification date, an authenticated notification of a claim of an interest in the collateral;

(B) any other secured party or lienholder that, 10 days before the notification date, held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral perfected by the filing of a financing statement that:

(i) identified the collateral;

(ii) was indexed under the debtor's name as of that date; and

(iii) was filed in the office in which to file a financing statement against the debtor covering the collateral as of that date; and

(C) any other secured party that, 10 days before the notification date, held a security interest in the collateral perfected by compliance with a statute, regulation, or treaty described in Section 9-311(a).

（(b) 除非(d)项有任何其他规定，按照第9-610条处置担保物的担保权人应向(c)向规定的人士发送经认证的合理处置通知。

(1) 债务人；

(2) 任何次债务人；以及

(3) 在担保物不是消费品的情况下：

(A) 担保权人在通知日期之前已收到从其处发出的经认证的担保物权益主张通知的任何其他人；

(B) 在通知日期前10天持有通过提交以下融资声明确立的担保物的担保权益或其他留置权的任何其他担保权人或留置权持有人：

(i) 已确定担保物；

(ii) 截至该日期已按债务人姓名编入索引；以及

(iii) 已向机构提交，且该机构将向债务人提交涵盖截至该日期担保物的融资声明；以及