两者都指的是设法少交或不交赋税,但从法律角度来看,这两者之间的差异很大。
Tax avoidance指的是避税,也就是规避纳税(Tax avoidance is defined as legal measures to use the tax regime to find ways to pay the lowest rate of tax, e.g putting savings in the name of your partner to take advantage of their lower tax band.-from Economics)。指纳税人在不违反税法规定的前提下,将纳税义务减至最低限度的行为。它通过最大限度地利用税法中的漏洞,少纳或不纳税款。因此,它属于法律允许范畴的活动。避税方式可分为两大层次: 低层次的避税可以是选用合法手段减少或避开纳税,如利用税法允许的另一种税率或另一种估算应税所得的方法;或者是拒绝购买含税的商品等。
Tax evasion指的是逃税,又称“非法避税”(Tax evasion is taking illegal steps to avoid paying tax, e.g. not declaring income to the taxman.),泛指使用不合法的手段企图不支付有关的课税。在某些国家,逃税是刑事犯罪,案情严重者可被判处死刑。因此,它属于法律允许范畴之外的活动。逃税还有一种说法叫“tax dodge”,其也属于非法行为,等同tax evasion,但它一般不属于正式的法律用语。
以下为相关示例:
The Bills Committee also notes the view of a deputation 8 that there is no need to provide the Commissioner with such power as the general anti-avoidance provision in section 61A can be invoked to deal with cases where IPR transactions between unassociated entities are motivated by tax avoidance. legco.gov.hk
法案委员会亦得悉团体8的意见,该团体表示,没有需要赋予局长这项权力,因为可引用第61A条所订的一般反避税条文,以处理非相联实体之间为避税而进行的知识产权交易个案。
In order to combat capital flight, tax competition, corporate tax evasion and transfer pricing and to enable developing countries to mobilize domestic resources, a United Nations intergovernmental commission on tax matters should be established and, thereafter, a multilateral agreement on the automatic exchange of information should be adopted and country-by-country reporting by transnational corporations initiated. daccess-ods.un.org
为打击资本外逃、税收竞争、企业逃税和转让定价等行为并使发展中国 家能够调动国内资源,应建立一个联合国税务事项政府间委员会,之后应再通过一项关于自动信息交流的多边协定,由跨国公司按国别提出报告。
