协议中既有hereof又有thereof,如何辨别指代对象?

协议中既有hereof又有thereof,如何辨别指代对象?

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hereof通常指代“本协议”,thereof通常指代前述提及的具体内容或前述提及的某个具体协议。

例:In the event that any action is instituted by an Indemnitee underthis Agreement or under any liability insurance policies maintainedby the Company to enforce or interpret any of theterms hereofor thereof, such Indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid allExpenses actually and reasonably incurred by such Indemnitee withrespect to such action if such Indemnitee is ultimately successfulin such action.


如果任何受偿人基于本协议或公司所购买的责任保险而启动诉讼以执行或解释本协议或保单的任何条款,在该受偿人最终胜诉的情况下,受偿人有权让公司支付其在诉讼中所实际并合理发生的所有费用。

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Take your time and keep moving

Hereof,指 “本合同”,即为 of this Contract/this Agreement/this Document。在“here +介词”结构中,“here”所指极为明确,就是this Agreement(本协议),this Document(本文件)等。其他常见搭配有herein, hereunder,hereto,如下所示:


a. Any attachments hereto shall be an integral part of this Contract.

本合同所有附件都是本合同不可缺少的组成部分。

“Any attachments hereto”就相当于“Any attachments to this Contract”


b. Any overdue payment hereunder shall bear interest, from the date it falls due until such time that Party A has received the payment from Party B, at a rate equal to 4 (four) percentage points.

根据本协议所有到期不付款项都得计息,自到期之日开始计算,直至甲方收到乙方付款为止,按4%计利。

“hereunder”即为“under this Agreement”,表示“根据本协议”。


在“there+介词”结构中,“there”具体指什么,并不十分明确,需要根据合同上下文予以推定。但总的来说,我们可以将其定义为是“本合同或文件以外的文件或事项”,尽管这并不完全准确,但处理绝大部分合同中的类似问题应该足够了。换句话说,“thereof”就相当于“of that document”,“of that matter”或者“of that subject”,以此类推。例如:

a. If the seller makes the specification himself, he must inform the buyer of the details thereof and must fix a reasonable time with which the buyer may make a different specification [From Articles 65 (2) of CISG]

如果卖方自己订明规格,他必须把规格的细节通知买方,而且必须规定一段合理的时间,让买方可以在该段时间内订出不同的规格。

这里的“the details thereof”指“the details of the specifications”,指“规格的细节”。因为“规格”是该合同以外的文件,而不是合同本身,所以用了“thereof”,而不是“hereof”。



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