无罪推定是什么意思,如何用英语表示?

无罪推定是什么意思,如何用英语表示?

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无罪推定(presumption of innocence)为刑法中的一項基本原則,它的基本含义是受到犯罪指控的被告人应当被假定为是无罪的,除非他自己承认有罪或者有合法的证据能够排除合理怀疑地证明他是有罪的。依据该原则,如果没有证据证明被告人有罪,应将被告人释放;控诉方承担证明被告人有罪的责任,且证明应该达到排除合理怀疑的程度;被告人不承担证明自己无罪的责任,但是如果被告人提出不在犯罪现场(alibi)、行为时精神失常、正当防卫等辩护理由的,应当提供证据证明其辩护理由成立。但是,制定法也会规定在某些特定的情况下推定某种行为(例如,持有毒品)构成犯罪,并要求被告人承担证明自己无罪的责任。 


我国《刑事诉讼法》明确规定:“未经人民法院依法判决,对任何人都不得确定有罪。”这意味着,在法院依法判决之前,任何人都不处于有罪公民的地位。具体体现在以下几个方面:1.被追诉者在被起诉前处于犯罪嫌疑人的地位,被起诉后则处于被告人的地位,从而避免将其视为“有罪者”、“人犯”或“罪犯”。2.在法庭审判过程中,公诉人负有提出证据证明被告人有罪的责任,被告人不承担证明自己有罪或无罪的义务。3.疑罪从无,即公诉人不能提出确实充分的证据证实被告人的罪行,法庭经过庭审和补充性调查也不能查明被告人有罪的事实,那么就只能判定被告人无罪。


为了更好的理解该词,以下是其英文释义:The presumption of innocence is a legal principle that every person accused of any crime is considered innocent until proven guilty. Under the presumption of innocence, the legal burden of proof is thus on the prosecution, which must present compelling evidence to the trier of fact (a judge or a jury). If the prosecution does not prove the charges true, then the person is acquitted of the charges. The prosecution must in most cases prove that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. If reasonable doubt remains, the accused must be acquitted. The opposite system is a presumption of guilt.


双语例句:

(1)He underlines the necessity of legal reform to review legislation and procedures to ensure conformity with human rights standards and respect for the basic principles of the presumption of innocence, due process of the law and the independence of the judiciary.

他强调要进行法律改革来审议立法及各种程序,保证它们符合人权标准,尊重无罪推定、正当法律程序和司法独立的基本原则。 

(2)Even if detainees are criminally charged, the secrecy and insecurity caused by the denial of contact to the outside world and the fact that family members have no knowledge of their whereabouts and fate violate the presumption of innocence and are conducive to confessions obtained under torture or other forms of ill-treatment.

即使在被拘留者受到刑事起诉时,由于他们不得与外界接触,而且家人不了解这些人的下落和命运,所造成的隐秘不定的状况违反了无罪推定,而且便利了严刑逼供或其他形式的虐待。

(3)The rationale is that, since the accused enjoys the presumption of innocence and therefore need not necessarily be in custody while standing trial, he or she may be allowed to take part in the proceedings either in person, by videoconference or through defence counsel whom he or she has chosen and instructs.

所依据的基本原理是,由于被告享有无罪推定,在受审期间不一定需要被拘押,因而可被允许以亲自出庭或视频会议方式或通过自己选择和指示的辩护律师参与诉讼。

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