Free from particular average/FPA 平安险；单独海损不赔

平安险是海上保险的基本险别之一，与水渍险和一切险相比，保险人的责任范围最小。其英文意思「单独海损不赔」并非指对于所有的单独海损均不予赔偿，而是仅指对因自然灾害所造成的单独海损不赔，对于因意外事故造成的单独海损仍应赔偿。此外，如果在运输过程中运输工具曾发生过搁浅、触礁、沉没等意外事故，则不论在事故发生之前或之后由于自然灾害所造成的单独海损，保险人均负有赔偿责任。

Free from Particular Average (FPA) is an insurance contract clause that eliminates an insurer’s liability for partial losses. FPA clauses are most commonly found in marine insurance policies. In shipping parlance, the word “average” is associated with losses, and “general average” refers to a loss associated with cargo or the ship itself. The expense of protecting the ship and its cargo is typically shared between the shipowner, the cargo owner, and other interested parties on a pro rata basis. Because the interests of the different parties do not always overlap (e.g., the shipowner may care less about the cargo than the cargo owner), maritime transportation expenses are shared so that all parties have an incentive to cooperate. The parties will purchase a marine cargo policy, also known as a voyage policy, to protect themselves from certain perils. 以下为相关例句：

例句1

In some cases, insurance companies are liable for partial losses. The conditions in which FPA clauses no longer apply vary. There are two types of conditions generally used, American and English. In American FPA provisions, the insurer’s liability for partial cargo loss is eliminated unless stranding, sinking, fire, or collision caused the loss. In English FPA provisions, the insurer’s liability for partial cargo loss is eliminated except in the case that a stranding, sinking, fire, or collision event occurred.

在某些情况下，保险公司对部分损失负责。平安险条款不再适用的条件各不相同。一般使用的条件有两种，美式和英式。在美国平安险条款中，保险人对部分货物损失的责任被免除，除非搁浅、沉没、火灾或碰撞造成了损失。在英国平安险条款中，保险人对部分货物损失的责任被免除，除非发生搁浅、沉没、着火或碰撞事件。

例句2

How cargo losses are covered depends on how the policy addresses coverage of the “average”, with broader coverage carrying a higher premium. Free from Particular Average (FPA) clauses in maritime insurance policies specifically address cargo coverage.

货物损失如何承保取决于保单如何处理“海损”的承保范围，承保范围越广，保费越高。海运保险单中的平安险条款专门针对货物保险。

相关知识拓展：

平安险又称“单独海损不赔险”。海上货物运输保险主要险别之一。保险人只负责货物全部损失和特定意外事故部分损失的赔偿责任的保险，为海上货物运输保险中责任范围最小的一种。保险责任范围为：

（1）海上自然灾害和意外事故造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损；（2）因运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、互撞、沉没、与流冰或其他物体碰撞，以及失火、爆炸而造成的货物全部或部分损失；（3）装卸、转运时整件货物的落海损失；（4）避难港的卸货损失与在避难港、中途港支付的特别费用；（5）共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用；（6）合同订有船舶互撞条款时，应由货方偿还船方的损失；（7）货物遭受保险责任内危险时，被保险人合理的施救费用。

除外责任通常有：（1）被保险人故意或过失行为造成的损失；（2）货物本身品质不良或数量短差造成的损失；（3）货物自然损耗、本质缺陷、特性等造成的损失；（4）战争、罢工造成的损失。保险起迄为仓至仓责任。伦敦保险人协会于1982年1月1日修订颁布的货物保险条款，以“C”险代表平安险。