encumbrances在普通英语中指“妨碍物；累赘”。（An encumbrance is something or someone that encumbers you. ）

在合同/法律英语中，encumbrances常译为“产权负担；留置权”。

产权负担（encumbrances），香港俗称钉契，意指土地所有人以外的人对于此一土地所拥有之任何权利或利益。产权负担会降低继承之土地的价值，但是并不会阻碍土地所有人将其土地让与他人。

税课、抵押、审裁这类的产权负担，可视为留置权；条文限制、权益保留及地役权皆为产权负担，但不算是留置权。

Investopedia对“encumbrance”的释义为：An encumbrance is a claim against a property by a party that is not the owner. An encumbrance can impact the transferability of the property and restrict its free use until the encumbrance is lifted. The most common types of encumbrance apply to real estate; these include mortgages, easements, and property tax liens. Not all forms of encumbrance are financial, easements being an example of non-financial encumbrances. An encumbrance can also apply to personal – as opposed to real – property.

e.g. The Vendor's sale, and the Purchaser's purchase, of the entire issued share capital of the Target Company, free and clear of, amongst others, charges, mortgages, pledges, liens, encumbrances, and other third party rights.

在卖方出售，及买方收购目标公司全部已发行股本，在不附带其中包括押记、按揭、抵押、留置权、债权负担和其他第三者权利。

The Subscription Shares will be issued free from all liens, charges, security interests, encumbrances and adverse claims, and when issued and fully paid, will rank pari passu among themselves and with Shares in issue at the time of issue and allotment of the Subscription Shares.

将予发行之认购股份概无附带任何留置权、抵押、抵押权益、产权负担及敌对申索，并且于发行及缴足后，将彼此之间及与发行及配发认购股份时之已发行股份均享有同等地位。