product liability 产品责任

指产品制造商和销售商对购买者、使用者乃至第三者因所售商品的瑕疵造成的损失或伤害承担的侵权责任。产品责任的承担，可以过失、严格责任或担保责任的违反为理论基础。因产品瑕疵造成伤害或损失的赔偿责任，通常由制造商承担，零售商、批发商、中间商等也应负责。原告可直接要求制造商赔偿；也可由零售商、批发商或其他人作出赔偿后再要求制造商补偿。

Product liability is a doctrine that gives plaintiffs a cause of action if they encounter a defective consumer item. This doctrine can fall under negligence, but it is generally associated with strict liability, meaning that defendants can be held liable regardless of their intent or knowledge.

例句1

Products liability refers to the liability of any or all parties along the chain of manufacture of any product for damage caused by that product. This includes the manufacturer of component parts (at the top of the chain), an assembling manufacturer, the wholesaler, and the retail store owner (at the bottom of the chain).

产品责任是指任何产品制造链上的任何一方或所有各方对该产品造成的损害的责任。这包括零部件制造商（制造链顶端）、装配制造商、批发商和零售店老板（制造链底端）。

例句2

Products containing inherent defects that cause harm to a consumer (or someone to whom the product was loaned, given, etc.) of the product would be the subjects of products liability suits. While products are generally thought of as tangible personal property, products liability has stretched that definition to include intangibles (i.e. gas), naturals (i.e. pets), real estate (i.e. house), and writings (i.e. navigational charts). Products liability is derived mainly from torts law.

包含会对消费者（或产品的出借人、接受人等）造成伤害的固有缺陷的产品，将成为产品责任诉讼的主体。虽然产品通常被认为是有形的个人财产，但产品责任扩展了这一定义，将无形资产（如天然气）、自然物（如宠物）、不动产（如房屋）和著作（如航海图）包括在内。产品责任主要来源于侵权法。

例句3

Products Liability is generally considered a strict liability offense. With regard to products liability, a defendant is liable when the plaintiff proves that the product is defective, regardless of the defendant's intent. It is irrelevant whether the manufacturer or supplier exercised great care; if there is a defect in the product that causes harm, he or she will be liable for it.

产品责任通常被认为是一种严格的责任犯罪。关于产品责任，当原告证明产品有缺陷时，无论被告的意图如何，被告都要承担责任。制造商或供应商是否尽了最大努力并不重要；如果产品存在缺陷造成伤害，他或她将对此承担责任。

例句4

Products liability cases can involve defendants and plaintiffs from a large number of jurisdictions, due to the number of steps required in the creation of a product, and the resulting large number of people who use a given product. Due to the large number of people who may be involved in products liability cases, plaintiffs often forum shop to find judges sympathetic to products liability claims.

产品责任案件可能涉及来自大量司法管辖区的被告和原告，这是由于产品的创造需要大量的步骤，以及由此产生的大量使用特定产品的人。由于产品责任案件中可能涉及的人数众多，原告经常寻找同情产品责任索赔的法官。