救助原则 rescue doctrine

按照此项原则，如果侵权人因过错造成他人生命或身体陷于危险境地，则其对于第三人因为以合理意图救助受害人而遭受的损害也应承担责任。因此，第三人冒着丧生或遭受重大伤害的危险而救助他人的行为，只要不是出于鲁莽轻率，都不构成与有过失〔contributory negligence〕。而且，因为对处于危险中的他人进行合理救助是可预见的，故侵权人对于被救助人存在过错，则其对救助人亦有过错。

其英文释义如下：n. the rule of law that if a rescuer of a person hurt or put in peril due to the negligence or intentional wrongdoing of another (the tortfeasor) is injured in the process of the rescue, the original wrongdoer is responsible in damages for the rescuer's injury. Example: Sydney Sparetire speeds on a mountain highway, and skids in front of Victor Victim, running Victim's car off the bank, trapping Victim in the vehicle. Raymond Rightguy stops, ties a rope to the grill of his car, slides down and extricates Victim, but on the way up slips and breaks his arm, and then finds the grill is badly bent. The negligent Sparetire is liable to Rightguy for his broken arm (including medical expenses, loss of wages and general damages for pain and suffering) as well as the property damage to the car grill.

例句1

In the USA, the rescue doctrine of the law of torts holds that if a tortfeasor creates a circumstance that places the tort victim in danger, the tortfeasor is liable not only for the harm caused to the victim, but also the harm caused to any person injured in an effort to rescue that victim.

在美国，侵权行为法的救助原则认为，如果侵权行为人制造了一种使侵权行为受害人处于危险之中的情况，侵权行为人不仅要对受害人造成的伤害负责，而且要对在努力救援受害人时对任何受伤的人造成的伤害负责。

例句2

The Rescue Doctrine states that when someone else causes a crisis, if you attempt to save a person in danger and receive injuries or die, the person who caused the danger is liable for your injuries or death. Since that person is liable, you can receive compensation for any injuries that you received while voluntarily trying to save another person from serious injury or death.

救助原则指出，当他人造成危机时，如果你试图拯救处于危险中的人，并受到伤害或死亡，造成危险的人应对你的伤害或死亡负责。因为那个人是有责任的，你可以因为你在自愿试图拯救另一个人免受重伤或死亡时受到的任何伤害而获得赔偿。

例句3

In order for the Rescue Doctrine to apply, certain aspects of the scenario must be proven. Without careful presentation of your situation, your case might not fall under the doctrine.

为了实施救助原则，场景的某些方面必须得到证明。如果不仔细陈述你的情况，你的情况可能不符合该原则。

例句4

Rescue doctrine provides that when person sees victim in imminent and serious peril caused by tortious conduct of third person, rescuer will not be guilty of contributory negligence as matter of law provided he does not act recklessly.

救助原则规定，当人看到受害人处于由第三人的侵权行为造成的迫在眉睫的严重危险中时，救助人只要不鲁莽行事，就不会犯有共同过失。