(1)虚报事实
指以提供与事实相反情况的欺诈手法而获取赦免、职位或赠与的行为。
(2)隐瞒真相(以获利)
用隐瞒事实的手段获取利益,尤指教会的利益或苏格兰法律中国王的授予物。(the concealment of facts in order to obtain a benefit, esp an ecclesiastical benefit or, in Scots Law, a grant from the Crown)