Decree Nisi在文件中一般译为“暂准判令”。
nisi在《元照英美法词典》中给出的对应中文表达是“除非”,该词常作为省略用语附加于rule,order,decree,judgment或confirmation等词之前或之后表示所作裁决是有效的,除非受该裁决影响的一方出庭并提出异议或采取某种步骤使其无效或使其被撤销。因此decree nisi或nisi decree就是明确地确定被告权利的判决,除非被告在规定期限内提出理由以推翻该判决或有效地提出上诉或以其他方式使该判决失效。在这个意义上,nisi是absolute(绝对的,不附任何条件的)的反义词。当一个rule nisi(有条件的裁定)因被告未能按规定提出异议而被最后确认时,它就成为「绝对的」或「终局的」〔absolute〕裁定。
Decree Nisi具体的含义可参考Wikipedia和Collins给出的释义:
Wikipedia给出的释义如下:
A decree nisi or rule nisi (from Latin nisi 'unless') is a court order that will come into force at a future date unless a particular condition is met. Unless the condition is met, the ruling becomes a decree absolute (rule absolute), and is binding. Typically, the condition is that an adversely affected party provide satisfactory evidence or argument that the decree should not take effect (i.e. the decree takes effect unless the party shows that it should not). For that reason, a decree nisi may also be called a rule, order or decree to show cause.
大概意思是说,decree nisi 或 rule nisi源自拉丁语nisi ,是一种法院命令。这种命令除非满足特定条件,否则将在未来日期生效,即变为decree absolute(绝对判令)。
以离婚为例,此类法令的措辞通常采用以下形式:“AB 和 CD 之间于(日期)举行的婚姻因(理由)而被解除,除非六周内向法院提供充分的理由”
通常,在暂准判令变为绝对判令的期间,除非两方中至少一方提出充分反对意见,否则暂准法令将变为绝对判令。
我们也可以通过Collins给出的释义,得以验证。
A decree nisi is an order made by a court which states that a divorce must take place at a certain time in the future unless a good reason is produced to prevent this.
题目中提到的Certificate of Making Decree Nisi Absolute(Divorce),是香港离婚案中常见的一种判令,叫“暂准判令转绝对判令证明书(离婚案)”。
香港离婚必须先获得家事法庭准予的暂准离婚判令,但获得暂准离婚判令并不意味着夫妻已经正式离婚,仅有在夫妻双方获得绝对离婚判令后,夫妻婚姻关系方才正式解除。
该证明书的示例可参考如下:
