这两个词见的比较少，查了一下。

Wage Assignment在中文里常译为“工资分配”，Wage Garnishment常译为“工资扣押”，具体的含义可以参考各自的英文释义：

Wage assignment is the act of taking money directly from an employee's paycheck in order to pay back a debt obligation. Wage assignments may be either voluntary or involuntary, depending on the situation.

Such an automatic withholding plan may be used to pay back a variety of debt obligations, including back taxes, defaulted student loan debt, and both child and spousal support payments.

A wage assignment is typically a last resort of a lender to receive repayment from a borrower who has previously failed to pay a debt obligation. A wage assignment, when involuntary, may also be referred to as wage garnishment and requires a court order.

大意是，工资分配是指直接从雇员的工资中扣除资金以偿还债务义务的行为。根据具体情况，工资分配可能是自愿的，也可能是非自愿的。

这种自动扣款计划可以用来偿还各种债务义务，包括欠缴的税款、违约的学生贷款债务，以及子女和配偶的赡养费支付。

通常情况下，工资分配是债权人从之前未能偿还债务的借款人那里收回款项的最后手段。当工资分配是非自愿的时，它也可以被称为工资扣押，这需要法院的命令。

Garnishment, or wage garnishment, is when money is legally withheld from your paycheck and sent to another party. It refers to a legal process that instructs a third party to deduct payments directly from a debtor’s wage or bank account.

Typically, the third party is the debtor’s employer and is known as the garnishee. Federal law prohibits employers from firing a worker to avoid processing a garnishment payment. Garnishments are used for debts such as unpaid taxes, monetary fines, child support payments, and defaulted student loans.

大意是，扣押，或称工资扣押，是指从您的工资中合法扣除资金并发送给另一方的行为。它指的是一种法律程序，指示第三方直接从债务人的工资或银行账户中扣除款项。

通常情况下，这个第三方是债务人的雇主，被称为扣押人。联邦法律禁止雇主因为避免处理扣押款项而解雇工人。扣押用于诸如未支付的税款、货币罚款、子女赡养费支付以及违约的学生贷款等债务。

从目的和用途上来看，工资分配通常用于特定类型的债务，如小额贷款或者零售信贷。相比之下，工资扣押可以应用于多种类型的债务，包括但不限于子女抚养费、学生贷款、未支付的税款等。

希望可以帮到你。