piercing the corporate veil指“揭穿公司面纱、揭开公司面纱”,又称“公司人格否认”、“公司法人资格否认”、“股东有限责任待遇之例外”、“股东直索责任”,指控制股东为逃避法律义务或责任而违反诚实信用原则,滥用法人资格或股东有限责任待遇、致使债权人利益严重受损时,法院或仲裁机构有权责令控制股东直接向公司债权人履行法律义务、承担法律责任。公司法人资格否认制度以公司法人资格之存在为前提。如果某企业自始至终未取得法人资格或法人资格存在瑕疵,就谈不上公司人格之否认。公司人格否认制度与股东有限责任制度一张一合,共同构成了现代公司制度的核心内容。
所谓公司面纱,即公司作为法人必须以其全部出资独立地对其法律行为和债务承担责任,公司的股东以其出资额为限对公司承担有限责任。公司与其股东具有相互独立的人格,当公司资产不足偿付其债务时,法律不能透过公司这层“面纱”要求股东承担责任。所谓“刺破公司面纱”,是指在某些情形下,为保护公司之债权人,法院可揭开公司之面纱,否定股东与公司分别独立之人格,令股东直接负责清偿公司债务。例如为实施诈骗而成立公司,法院可以不考虑通常的免除公司管理人员等人的个人责任。根据此项原则,以公司名义实施欺诈或其他不法行为时,可以不顾公司的法人结构和股东的有限责任,责令股东、管理人员、董事等人承担个人责任。但法院只有对欺诈行为或违法行为或为避免侵害他人权利时,才能不考虑其公司的组织形式。
为了更好的理解该词,以下是其英文释义:Piercing the corporate veil or lifting the corporate veil is a legal decision to treat the rights or duties of a corporation as the rights or liabilities of its shareholders. Usually a corporation is treated as a separate legal person, which is solely responsible for the debts it incurs and the sole beneficiary of the credit it is owed. Common law countries usually uphold this principle of separate personhood, but in exceptional situations may “pierce” or “lift” the corporate veil.
双语例句:
(1)While the law varies by state, generally courts have a strong presumption against piercing the corporate veil, and will only do so if there has been serious misconduct. Courts understand the benefits of limited liability, as it "encourages development of public markets for stocks and thus helps make possible the liquidity and diversification benefits that investors receive from those markets." As such, courts typically require corporations to engage in fairly egregious actions in order to justify piercing the corporate veil. In general this misconduct may include abusing the corporation (e.g. intermingling of personal and corporate assets) or having undercapatitalization at the time of incorporation.
虽然法律因州而异,但一般而言,法院对打破公司面纱具有强烈的推定,只有在存在严重不当行为的情况下,法院才会这样做。法院理解有限责任的好处,因为它“鼓励发展股票公开市场,从而有助于使投资者从这些市场获得的流动性和多元化收益成为可能。”因此,法院通常要求公司采取相当恶劣的行动,以证明有刺穿公司面纱的合理性。通常,这种不当行为可能包括滥用公司(例如,将个人资产和公司资产混合)或在成立时资本不足。
(2)The remedies discussed below do not involve lifting the corporate veil, although in some circumstances the effect may appear to be similar.
下文讨论的救济办法不涉及揭开公司面纱,但在有些情况下,从表面上看,此类办法可能会有类似的效果。
