Incidental Civil Actions 附带民事诉讼

附带民事诉讼，是指法院在审判被吿人犯罪行为的同时，根据被害人或检察机关的提起，附带解决被告人犯罪行为所造成损害的民事赔偿的诉讼活动。依照中国刑事诉讼法，被害人由于被吿人的犯罪行为而遭受物质损失的，在刑事诉讼过程中，有权提起附带民事诉讼。如果是国家财产、集体财产遭受损失的，人民检察院在提起公诉的时候，可以提起附带民事诉讼。附带民事诉讼的管辖应当以刑事诉讼法的规定为准，并依所从属的刑事案件的管辖而定。附带民事诉讼应当同刑事案件一并审判，但为了防止刑事案件审判过份迟延，可在刑事案件审判后，由同一审判组织继续审理附带民事诉讼。苏联、联邦德国采取附带民事诉讼程序。法国、英国、美国除可以提起附带民事诉讼外，被害人还可另行提起民事诉讼。关于赔偿的范围，各国一般规定，不仅物质损害可以赔偿，精神损害也可提出赔偿请求。日本没有附带民事诉讼制度。

According to the Ruling, incidental civil actions are set up since the defendant is guilty and strict evidentiary investigation into the criminal facts concerning the defendant has usually been conducted. And the criminal facts concerning the indictment of the defendant will then become the causes and facts concerning the damage. In order to avoid discrepancies in civil and criminal decisions and the burden of litigation on those who have been damaged as a result of the crime, a special procedure in which the court fee is waived and the burden of claim and proof on the victims are reduced can be brought to bear and the criminal court will render a decision concurrently so that the victims who have been damaged as a result of a crime may obtain timely and effective relief. 具体例句如下，供参考：

例句1

为更好地维护社会稳定和谐，各级人民法院还大力加强附带民事诉讼调解工作，对附带民事部分坚持“调解优先、多调少判”的原则，以更好地化解社会矛盾。

To better safeguard social stability and harmony, the people’s courts at all levels have devoted great efforts to enhancing mediation of incidental civil actions, and followed the principle of “mediation first, and more mediation while less judgment” for incidental civil part, so as to better resolve social contradictions.

例句2

一些基层人民法院附带民事诉讼的调解率达到90%以上。人民法院还结合审判案件，认真贯彻社会治安综合治理的基本方针，按照“打防结合、预防为主、专群结合、依靠群众”的要求，结合各地工作实际，配合基层组织，积极参与社会治安防控体系建设和平安创建活动，促进了打击、防范、教育、管理、改造等各项工作的全面发展。

The mediation rate regarding incidental civil actions has reached more than 90% in some people’s courts at the grass-roots level. In addition, the people’s courts have also earnestly practiced the basic policy of comprehensive governance of social security in line with the trial of cases, and proceeding from work reality of different regions, actively participated in the construction of social security prevention and control system and the creation of a safe and harmonious China in cooperation with grass-roots organizations pursuant to the requirements of “integrating crackdown with prevention and focusing on prevention, combining specialized organs with the people and relying on the people”, thereby boosting overall development of such various work as crackdown, prevention, education, administration and transformation.

例句3

According to relevant laws of China, not for all criminal activities can an incidental civil action be filed, and it can only be filed under the circumstances where the personal rights have been infringed by the crime and material damage is suffered as a result, or property is damaged by a criminal and material damage is suffered as a result. Other damage should be recovered through methods of returning or compensation. If it still cannot be solved, the party concerned can file a civil case separately before a civil adjudicating organization of the people’s court.

根据我国相关法律，并不是所有的犯罪活动都可以提起附带民事诉讼，只有在犯罪行为侵犯了人身权利，造成物质损害，或者犯罪分子损害了财产，造成物质损害的情况下，才可以提起附带民事诉讼。其他损害应当通过返还或者赔偿的方式予以恢复。仍不能解决的，当事人可以向人民法院民事审判组织另行提起民事诉讼。

相关知识拓展：

我国79年制定的《刑事诉讼法》没有关于附带民事诉讼的规定，在96年对刑事诉讼法进行第一次修改时，明确把被害人作为诉讼的主体对待，在法条中增加了附带民事诉讼的规定，正式确立这一制度。附带民事诉讼作为一项诉讼制度，是有关附带民事诉讼的当事人、赔偿范围、提起和审理程序等问题的法律规范的总称。在现实生活中，行为人的同一犯罪行为在实体上可能会引起两种不同的法律责任：一是因侵害国家或者社会利益而对国家所负的刑事责任；另一个是因犯罪行为给其他公民造成损失而对他人负民事赔偿责任。两种不同的实体法律责任在诉讼上分别对应着两种不同的诉讼形式—对国家的法律责任通过刑事诉讼来解决，对个人的法律责任通过民事诉讼来解决。这两种诉讼形式因行为人的同一犯罪行为引发，因而具有关联性。