“restorative justice”和“retributive justice”分别指的是什么啊？
被浏览
0
①在报应性司法retributive justice中，受害者在整个过程中处于边缘地位，重点是惩罚或治疗罪犯，社区由国家代表，该过程的特点是各方之间的对抗性关系。
a.Crime is an act against the state, a violation of a law, an abstract idea
犯罪是一种反对国家的行为，是对法律的违反，是一种抽象的想法。
b.The criminal justice system controls crime
刑事司法系统控制犯罪
c.Offender accountability is defined as accepting punishment
犯罪者的责任被定义为接受惩罚
d.Focus on determining responsibility or guilt, on the past (did he/she do it?)
侧重于确定责任或罪行，侧重于过去（他/她做了吗？
e.强调对抗性的关系
②在恢复性司法 restorative justice中，受害者是整个过程的中心，重点是修复罪犯和受害者之间的伤害，社区成员和组织发挥了更积极的作用，这个过程的特点是各方之间的对话和谈判。
a.Crime as an act against another person and community
犯罪是一种针对他人和社区的行为
b.Crime control lies primarily in the community
犯罪控制主要在于社区
c.Accountability is defined as taking responsibility and acting to repair the harm
问责被定义为承担责任并采取行动修复伤害
d.Focus on problem solving, on responsibility/duty, on the future (what should be done?)
关注问题的解决，关注责任/义务，关注未来（应该做什么？
e.强调对话和谈判
更多回答
①Restorative justice 恢复性司法:
a system of criminal justice which focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large 一种刑事司法制度，通过与受害者和整个社会的和解，着重于罪犯的康复
②retributive justice 报复性司法:
a system of criminal justice based on the punishment of offenders rather than on rehabilitation 以惩罚罪犯而不是改造罪犯为基础的刑事司法体系
