Mistrial 无效审理

指错误的、无效的、法律不认可的审理。造成无效审理的原因主要有法院无管辖权，陪审员选择错误，陪审团意见无法一致，不能作出裁断，陪审员或律师在审理中意外死亡，在审理前或审理中无视必要的基本规定，在审理中出现法庭无法纠正的有损当事人利益的错误，审理在正常结束前已终止等。法官在发现无效审理情况，认为无法纠正且继续审理只是浪费时间和财力时，可即宣告审理无效，予以终止。无效审理等于没有审理，与已审结案件因有充分理由而「再审」不同。

Mistrial, in law, a trial that has been terminated and declared void before the tribunal can hand down a decision or render a verdict. The termination of a trial prematurely nullifies the preceding proceedings as if they had not taken place. Therefore, should another trial on the same charges, with the same defendants, be ordered, that trial would start from the beginning, with the previous testimony or other findings not necessarily relevant in the new court proceedings. There are several factors that can result in a mistrial, including the death of an attorney or juror (if the latter is not replaceable by an alternate); a remark that would be highly prejudicial to a party and that the judge may feel cannot, in spite of instructions, be ignored by the jury; or the discovery that members of the jury had discussed the case contrary to court instructions or that a sequestered jury was able to read or hear newspaper or other media reports of the trial. Most often, a mistrial may be declared if the jury itself cannot arrive at a verdict after repeated attempts (i.e., if it is a hung jury). 具体例句如下，可供参考，以加深对该术语的理解：

例句1

A mistrial occurs when 1) a jury is unable to reach a verdict and there must be a new trial with a new jury; 2) there is a serious procedural error or misconduct that would result in an unfair trial, and the judge adjourns the case without a decision on the merits and awards a new trial.

无效审理发生在以下情况下：1)陪审团无法达成裁决，必须有新的陪审团进行新的审判；2)存在会导致不公平审判的严重程序错误或不当行为，法官在没有对案情做出决定的情况下延期审理案件，并判定新的审判。

例句2

Mistrials are trials that are not successfully completed. They’re terminated and declared void before the jury returns a verdict or the judge renders his or her decision in a nonjury trial. Mistrials can occur for many reasons: 1. death of a juror or attorney; 2. an impropriety in the drawing of the jury discovered during the trial; 3. a fundamental error prejudicial (unfair) to the defendant that cannot be cured by appropriate instructions to the jury (such as the inclusion of highly improper remarks in the prosecutor's summation); 4. juror misconduct (e.g., having contacts with one of the parties, considering evidence not presented in the trial, conducting an independent investigation of the matter); 5. the jury's inability to reach a verdict because it is hopelessly deadlocked.

无效审理是没有成功完成的审判。在陪审团作出裁决或法官在无陪审团审判中作出裁决之前，它们被终止并宣布无效。无效审理有很多原因：1.陪审员或律师死亡；2.在审判中发现的陪审团成员的不恰当的安排；3.对被告不利（不公平）的根本错误，无法通过对陪审团的适当指示来纠正（例如在检察官的总结中包含高度不当的言论）；4.陪审员不当行为（例如，与一方当事人接触，考虑审判中未出示的证据，对该事项进行独立调查）；5.陪审团无法达成裁决，因为它无可救药地陷入僵局。

例句3

A mistrial is a trial that is not completed. Instead, it is halted and declared invalid, usually before a verdict is delivered. Mistrials may occur for a variety of reasons. For example, the judge may determine that a hung jury will not be able to resolve its differences through further deliberation and declare a mistrial.

无效审理是指没有完成的审判。相反，通常在判决宣布之前，它被停止并宣布无效。无效审理可能有多种原因。例如，法官可能会裁定无多数陪审团无法通过进一步审议解决分歧，并宣布无效审理。

例句4

Mistrial refers to a trial that has no legal effect with regard to one or more of the charges brought against the defendant because of some serious error or prejudicial misconduct in the proceedings or a hung jury.

无效审理是指由于诉讼程序中的严重错误或有偏见的不当行为，或陪审团人数有限，对被告提出的一项或多项指控没有法律效力的审判。