political authority 政治权威

政治权威涉及一国权力以及有关权力组织的道德基础、法律基础和实际基础。一国要求其国民忠诚守法的道德基础包括权力、公共秩序之需要、神意、被统治者的同意、益处等；法律上，政治权威的问题是国家及其制度的名义与认可问题，通过国家及其制度，政府施展作为并受到限制和控制；在政治上，政治权威涉及实际制订政策的力量。本术语还用于指那些在公众服务中领导人的权力和影响。

Specifically, political authority is the power held by a political entity to require action and claim obedience to its rules. This power can be either de facto or de jure (normative). De facto political authority is the actual ability of a political entity to rule and be obeyed. De jure or normative political authority is the moral power, or right, of a political entity to claim obedience to its laws...

例句1

Political authority is a distinct form of authority by contrast, for example, with parental or divine authority, in that it is, historically at least, attached to the power of governments and their various extensions (such as the laws, officials, courts, the police etc.).

相比之下，政治权威是权威的一种独特形式，例如，与父母或神的权威形成对比，因为至少在历史上，它附属于政府的权力及其各种延伸（如法律、官员、法院、警察等）。

例句2

Political authority is also a variety of the larger category of practical authority (which includes parental and divine authority). A practical authority is an authority that gives us reasons for action by contrast with a theoretical authority, such as a knowledgeable friend or an expert, who gives us reasons for beliefs.

政治权威也是实践权威（包括父母权威和神权）这一更大范畴的一种变体。实践权威是一种给我们行动理由的权威，与理论权威形成对比，如一位知识渊博的朋友或专家，他给我们信仰的理由。

例句3

In political philosophy and ethics, political authority describes any of the moral principles legitimizing differences between individuals' rights and duties by virtue of their relationship with the state. Political authority grants members of a government the right to rule over citizens using coercion if necessary (i.e., political legitimacy), while imposing an obligation for the citizens to obey government orders (i.e., political obligation).

在政治哲学和伦理学中，政治权威描述了由于个人与国家的关系而使个人权利和义务之间的差异合法化的任何道德原则。政治权威赋予政府成员必要时使用强制手段统治公民的权利（即政治合法性），同时赋予公民服从政府命令的义务（即政治义务）。

例句4

Political authority, as he defines it, is the right of the government to coerce conformity to its rule and the duty had by those subject to the government to obey. He points out that what governments do would obviously be grotesquely immoral if you or I did it and asks what makes it OK for governments.

正如他所定义的，政治权威是政府强制服从其统治的权利，也是服从政府的人必须服从的义务。他指出，如果是你或我做的话，政府的所作所为显然是荒谬的不道德的，并询问是什么让政府觉得这样做是对的。