political question doctrine 政治问题排除原则

〈美〉指政治性问题不受司法审查的原则。法院一般认为该类问题应由行政机关或立法机关解决，而不适合由其管辖。

In United States constitutional law, the political question doctrine holds that a constitutional dispute that requires knowledge of a non-legal character or the use of techniques not suitable for a court or explicitly assigned by the Constitution to the U.S. Congress, or the President of the United States, lies within the political, rather than the legal, realm to solve, and judges customarily refuse to address such matters. The idea of a political question is closely linked to the concept of justiciability, as it comes down to a question of whether or not the court system is an appropriate forum in which to hear the case. This is because the court system only has the authority to hear and decide a legal question, not a political one. Legal questions are deemed to be justiciable, while political questions are nonjusticiable. 以下为相关例句，可供参考：

例句1

The political question doctrine holds that some questions, in their nature, are fundamentally political, and not legal, and if a question is fundamentally political ... then the court will refuse to hear that case. It will claim that it doesn't have jurisdiction. And it will leave that question to some other aspect of the political process to settle out.

政治问题排除原则认为，有些问题本质上是政治性的，而不是法律性的，如果一个问题本质上是政治性的...那么法院将拒绝审理该案件。它会声称自己没有管辖权。它将把这个问题留给政治进程的其他方面去解决。

例句2

Unlike the rules of standing, ripeness, and mootness, when the political question doctrine applies, a particular question is beyond judicial competence no matter who raises it, how immediate the interests it affects, or how burning the controversy. The doctrine is grounded in the principle of separation of powers, as well as the federal judiciary's desire to avoid inserting itself into conflicts between branches of the federal government.

与起诉权、时机成熟和无实际意义的规则不同，当政治问题排除原则适用时，一个特定的问题超出了司法权限，不管是谁提出的，不管它对利益的影响有多直接，也不管争议有多激烈。这一原则的基础是分权原则，以及联邦司法机构希望避免介入联邦政府各部门之间的冲突。

例句3

More broadly, the political question doctrine might be invoked when there is a lack of judicially manageable standards to decide the case on the merits, when judicial intervention might show insufficient respect for other branches of government, or when a judicial decision might threaten the integrity of the judicial ...

更广泛地说，当缺乏司法上可管理的标准来决定案件的是非曲直时，当司法干预可能对政府的其他部门不够尊重时，或者当司法裁决可能威胁到司法的完整性时，就可能援引政治问题排除原则...

例句4

The political question doctrine refers to disputes that courts determine are best resolved by the politically accountable branches of government: the president and Congress. The traditional expression of the doctrine refers to cases that courts will not resolve because they involve questions about the judgment of actors in the executive or legislative branches and not the authority of those actors.

政治问题排除原则指的是法院认为最好由政府的政治责任部门解决的争端：总统和国会。该原则的传统表述是指法院不会解决的案件，因为这些案件涉及行政或立法部门行为者的判断问题，而不是这些行为者的权力问题。