red-lining 划红线拒贷

〈美〉该术语是指金融机构实行拒贷经济歧视，如银行、保险公司等对经济风险大的地区或衰退地区拒绝或以高利率发放抵押借款，拒绝或以高保险费承保。据说该术语是源自用红笔在地图上标出歧视地区的作法。这种作法通常是违反法律的，构成非法歧视。

In the United States, redlining is a discriminatory practice in which services (financial and otherwise) are withheld from potential customers who reside in neighborhoods classified as "hazardous" to investment; these neighborhoods have significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities, and low-income residents. While the most well-known examples involve denial of credit and insurance, also sometimes attributed to redlining in many instances are: denial of healthcare and the development of food deserts in minority neighborhoods. In the case of retail businesses like supermarkets, the purposeful construction of stores impractically far away from targeted residents results in a redlining effect. 以下为具体例句，以加深对该术语的理解：

例句1

Redlining is a discriminatory practice that puts services (financial and otherwise) out of reach for residents of certain areas based on race or ethnicity. Redlining is illegal.

划红线拒贷是一种歧视性做法，基于种族或族裔原因，使某些地区的居民无法获得服务（金融和其他服务）。划红线拒贷是违法的。

例句2

It can be seen in the systematic denial of mortgages, insurance, loans, and other financial services based on location (and that area’s default history) rather than on an individual’s qualifications and creditworthiness. Notably, the policy of redlining is felt the most by residents of minority neighborhoods.

这可以从基于地理位置（和该地区的违约历史）而不是基于个人的资格和信誉系统地拒绝抵押贷款、保险、贷款和其他金融服务中看出来。值得注意的是，少数民族社区的居民对划红线拒贷政策感受最深。

例句3

Examples of redlining can be found in a variety of financial services, including not only mortgages but also student loans, credit cards, and insurance. Although the Community Reinvestment Act was passed in 1977 to help prevent redlining, critics say discrimination continues to occur.

划红线拒贷的例子可以在各种金融服务中找到，不仅包括抵押贷款，还包括学生贷款、信用卡和保险。尽管社区再投资法案于1977年通过，以帮助防止划红线拒贷，但批评者说歧视仍在继续发生。

例句4

While redlining neighborhoods or regions based on race is illegal, lending institutions may take economic factors into account when making loans. Lending institutions are not required to approve all loan applications on the same terms and may impose higher rates or stricter repayment terms on some borrowers. However, these considerations must be based on economic factors and cannot, under U.S. law, be based on race, religion, national origin, sex, or marital status.

虽然基于种族对社区或地区划红线拒贷是非法的，但贷款机构在发放贷款时可能会考虑经济因素。贷款机构不需要以相同的条件批准所有贷款申请，可能会对一些借款人实行更高的利率或更严格的还款条件。但是，这些考虑必须基于经济因素，根据美国法律，不能基于种族、宗教、国籍、性别或婚姻状况。